12.

Question 1

fimbriae

Answer 1

filamentous protein structures

enable organisms to stick to surfaces or form pellicles

Question 2

pili

Answer 2

filamentous protein structures
typically longer than fimbriae
assist in surface attachment
facilitate genetic exchange between cells (conjugations )
type IV pili involved in twitching motility

Question 3

capsules and slime layers

Answer 3

polysaccharide/protein layers
may be thick or thin, rigid or flexible
assist in attachment to surfaces
protect against phagocytosis
resist desiccation