1.2 Cell structure and organisation Flashcards
(21 cards)
Organelle
A specialised structure with a specific function inside a cell
Plasmodesmata (singular - plasmodesma)
Fine strands of cytoplasm that extend through pores in plant cell walls, connecting the cytoplasm of one cell with that of another
Prokaryote
A single celled organism lacking membrane-bound organelles, such as a nucleus, with its DNA free in the cytoplasm
Eukaryote
An organism containing membrane-bound organelles, with DNA in chromosomes within the nucleus
Differentiation
The development of a cell into a specific type (with a specific function)
Tissue
A group of cells working together with a common function, structure and origin within the embryo
Organ
A group of tissues in a structural unit, working together to perform a specific function
Magnification
The number of times an image is bigger than the object from which it’s derived
Resolution (microscope 🔬)
The smallest distance that can be distinguished as 2 separate points in a microscope
What is cell theory
New cells are made from existing cells
The cell is the basic/fundamental unit of structure function and organisation in all living organisms
3 types of epithelial tissue
Columnar/ciliated columnar epithelium
Simple squamous epithelium
Simple cuboidal epithelium
Simple cuboidal epithelium
(Structure, where found)
1 cell thick
Cube shaped cells lying on a basement membrane (made of collagen and protein)
Like kidney tubule and small intestine
Ciliated Columnar epithelium
Structure, function, where found
Elongated cells
Have cilia attached which sweep substances asking
Function-transport of substances
-mucus in bronchi , egg in fallopian tubes
Squamous epithelium
Structure, function, where found
Flattened cells on a basement membrane
Small pores between cells therefore permeable
Allow materials to pass through
Wall of alveoli, bowman’s capsule
3 types of tissue
Muscular, epithelial, connective
3 types of muscular tissue
Skeletal
Cardiac
Smooth
Skeletal muscle
Structure function where found contraction tire? Voluntary? Striated
Move skeleton
Bands of long cells- making up fibres
Attached to bones
Powerful contraction
Tire easily
Voluntary
Striated
Cardiac muscle
Where found
Structure
Contractions
Tire
Voluntary
Only found in heart
Cells have stripes but not fibres
Contract rhythmically
Do not tire
Involuntary
Smooth muscle
Structure
Voluntary
Striated
Contractions
Where found
Individual spindle shaped cells
Involuntary unstriated
Rhythmic but less powerful contractions
Skin, blood vessels, digestive tracts (gut)
Connective tissue
Connects supports separates organs and tissues
Contains elastic and collagen fibres
In an extra cellular fluid
Between fibres after fat storing cells and immune cells
2 types of connective tissue
Areolar- connected tissues and organs
Adipose- fatty cells- energy store, thermal insulation, protection. Under skin & around organs