12. Characterizing & Classifying Eukaryotes

Question 0

Ploidy

Answer 0

of chromosomes

Question 1

4 reasons why eukaryotic reproduction is more complex than prokaryotic

Answer 1

• most of the DNA is packaged as chromosomes in the form of chromatin fibers in nuclei
• eukaryotes have variety of asexual reproduction
• many eukaryotes reproduce sexually with specialized cells called gametes
• some eukaryotes reproduce sexually & asexually (algae, fungi, some Protozoa)

Question 2

4 phases of mitosis

Answer 2

Prophase
Metaphase
Anaphase
Telophase

Question 3

Mitosis

Answer 3

Nuclear division resulting in two nuclei with the same ploidy as parent
Prophase, metaphase, anaphase, telophase

Question 4

Tetrads

Answer 4

2 chromosomes physically associated together during prophase 1 and metaphase 1 of meiosis

Question 5

Meiosis

Answer 5

Nuclear division of diploid eukaryotic cells resulting in four haploid nuclei
Meiosis 1, meiosis 2

Question 6

Haploid

Answer 6

Nucleus with a single copy of each DNA

Question 7

Diploid

Answer 7

Nucleus with two sets of chromosomes

Question 8

Cytokinesis

Answer 8

Cytoplasmic division; typically takes place in telophase of mitosis

Question 9

Schizogany

Answer 9

Special type of asexual reproduction where the protozoan plasmodium undergoes multiple mitosis to form a multinucleate schizont

Question 10

Linnaeus grouped eukaryotes into two main groups: ___&___

Answer 10

Plantae

Animalia

Question 11

Chromosomes

Answer 11

…

Question 12

Nuclear division

Answer 12

Division of the nucleus

Mitosis & meiosis

Question 13

Chromatids

Answer 13

…

Question 14

Centromeres

Answer 14

…

Question 15

Spindle

Answer 15

…

Question 16

20th century accepted eukaryote taxonomy is: ___,_____,______,&____

Answer 16

Fungi
Protozoa
Plantae
Animalia

Question 17

Three characteristics shared by all Protozoa

Answer 17

• all eukaryotic
• all unicellular
• Lack a cell wall

Question 18

6 taxa of Protozoa

Answer 18

Parabesala
Diplomonadida
Euglenozoa
Alveolates
Rhizaria
Amoebozoa

Question 19

3 characteristics that distinguish fungi

Answer 19

• cell walls composed of chitin
• are chemoheterotrophic
• lack chlorophyll & do not perform photosynthesis

Question 20

Morphology of fungi

___,___,&___

Answer 20

Thallus
Hyphae
Mycelium

Question 21

4 major subgroups of fungi and classification criteria

Answer 21

Zygomycota
Ascomycota
Basidiomycota
Duteromycetes

Question 22

Lichen

Answer 22

Partnerships between fungi and photosynthetic microbes (usually Cyanobacteria or algae)

Question 23

Algae

Answer 23

Simple, eukaryotic, phototrophic, organisms that carry out oxygenic photosynthesis using clotophyll a

Question 24

Groups of algae

Answer 24

Division chlorophyta Kingdom rhodophyta Phaeophyta Chrysophyta

Question 26

Why does microbiology include the study of worms and arthropods

Answer 26

Because of microscopic infective stages and diagnostic testing of blood, urine or fecal samples

Question 27

Arthropod vectors

Answer 27

Animals that carry pathogens and have segmented bodies, hard external skeletons, and jointed legs Arachnida & Insecta

Question 28

Vectors

Answer 28

``` Ticks Mites Fleas Lice Mosquitos Kissing bugs ```

Question 29

Crossing over

Answer 29

In late prophase 1 of Meiosis, homologous chromosomes exchange sections of DNA in a random fashion Results in recombinations of their DNA