1.2 Decision-making/Value Equation Flashcards
Why does this section matter?
We need to apply what we know about memory, ex. spacing out practice
What is the value equation?
- Value V - value you get out of doing something
- Reward R - expected reward from doing something. Can be positive or negative.
- Probability of success pS - likelihood of getting an award (0 to 1)
- Delay D - time until you get reward. Value goes down as delay increases
- Impatience/Impulsiveness Imp - How much delay matters to you
V = (RpS)/(DImp + 1)
What is Principle 2.1?
Rewards - Humans find feelings of belongingness, competence, and autonomy rewarding (in addition to meeting basic survival needs)
Rewards are related to _______ _______ _____
self-determination theory
What is Principle 2.2?
Probability of Success - Lack of confidence leads to lack of motivation
Lack of confidence can lower the value of studying, which can lead to a _____
cycle
What is Principle 2.3?
Delay * Impatience - The further in the future something is, the less we care about it (value is lowered). Also known as temporal discounting.
In temporal discounting, we discount future _____ and future _____
rewards, costs
What is Principle 2.4?
Procrastination happens when what we are supposed to do is not the most valuable to us (at that moment)
Procrastination happens when there are competing ______, Give an example.
values. Low reward distractions like playing games are immediate while getting good grades are far in the future
What is Principle 2.5?
Habits, for better or worse, shortcut the decision process
Habits are generally thought of as _____ things
bad
How are focus habits established?
Through repetition
What is Principle 2.6?
Difficult yet achievable short-term goals help with motivation. They are less discounted and gives rewards sooner
Goals work with the ______ equation
value
