12 - Endocrine Flashcards
(89 cards)
1
Q
- Recombinant GH
- increases release of IGF-1 in liver and cartilage
A
Somatropin
- given SC
2
Q
Recombinant IGF-1 agonist
- for children unresponsive to GH therapy
A
Mecasermin
3
Q
GH receptor antagonist
- for acromegaly
A
Pegvisomant
4
Q
Somastostatin analogue
- suppresses the release of GH, glucagon, insulin, gastrin, IGF-1, serotonin and GI peptides
A
- octreotide
- lanreotide
5
Q
FSH analog
A
- Follitropin Alfa
- Follitropin Beta: recombinant FSH forms
- Menotropin (hMG)
- Urofollitropin: purified preparation from urine of postmenopausal women
6
Q
LH analog
A
- Choriogonadotropin Alfa: recombinant hCG
- hCG: given IM
- hMG: mixtures of FSH and LH from postmenopausal womeb
- Lutropin Alfa: recombinant LH
7
Q
GnRH analog
A
Leuprolide
- long agonist activity
Other names:
- leuprorelin
- leuprolin
8
Q
Time of administration of Leuprolide to increase LH and FSH secretion
A
Intermittent
9
Q
Time of administration of Leuprolide that reduce LH and FSH secretion
A
Prolonged and continuous
10
Q
Remedy for apoplexy and blindness during forst few weeks of therapy (Leuprolide) and temporary exacerbation of precocious puberty or prostate CA
A
Flutamide
- co-administer
- androgen receptor antagonist
11
Q
Synthetic human GnRH
A
Gonadorelin
12
Q
GnRH antagonist
A
Ganirelix
- prevent LH surge in controlled ovulation
13
Q
GnRH antagonist for prostate CA
A
Degarelix
14
Q
Dopamine agonist
- inhibits prolactin release
A
Bromocriptine
15
Q
SE of bromocriptine
- burning pain and warmth and redness of the extremities
A
Erythromelalgia
16
Q
Activates oxytocin receptors
- for labor induction,
- control of postpartum hemorrhage
A
Oxytocin
17
Q
Oxytocin receptor blocker
A
Atosiban
18
Q
Agonist of peripheral oxytocin receptors
A
Carbetocin
19
Q
ADH agonist relatively selective to V2
A
Desmopressin
20
Q
ADH Antagonist at V1A and V2 receptors
A
Conivaptan
21
Q
This may occur with rapid correction of hyponatremia
A
Central pontine myelinolysis
22
Q
ADH antagonist that is more selective for V2
A
- Tolvaptan
- Lixivaptan
23
Q
Thyroid drug that has 4:1 ratio of T4:T3
A
Liotrix
24
Q
Recombinant human TSH
A
Thyrotropin
25
Thyroid drug that has faster onset but shorter half- life
Liothyronine (T3)
Compared to
Levothyroxine (T4)
26
- inhibits thyroid peroxidase reactions
- blocks iodine organification
- inhibits peripheral conversion of T4 to T3
PTU
- DOC for pregnant
- short FOA
- slow onset of action
- more strongly protein bound
27
- inhibits thyroid peroxidase
| - blocks organification
Methimazole
- DOC for non-pregnant
- prenatal exposure: Aplasia Cutis Congenita
- 10x more potent
- slower excretion
28
Mainstay of treatment of postpartum hyperthyroidism, in particular during lactation
Methimazole
29
Related to choanal and esophageal atresia
Methimazole
30
Emits beta rays causing destruction of thyroid parenchyma
RAI 131I
- preferred for nost patients
- C/I: pregnant or nursing mothers
Patients shoulf be euthyroid or on BB before RAI
31
Onset of action of RAI
6-12 weeks
32
Max effect seen of RAI
3-6 months
33
Thyroid CA associated with radiation exposure
Papillary thyroid CA
34
- Inhibits iodine organification and hormone release
| - reduce size and vascularity of thyroid gland
Potassium iodide
| - Lugol’s solution/KISS
35
Acts through inhibition of thyroglobulin proteolysis
Potassium Iodide
- should not be used alone
- prevents radiation-infuced thyroid damage
36
Ingestion of iodine causes HYPOTHYROIDISM
Wolf-Chaikpff effect
37
Ingestion of iodine cause HYPERTHYROIDISM
Jod-Basedow
| - seen in thyroid-deficient
38
- inhibits peripheral conversion of T4 to T3
- control HR and other cardiac abnormalities
- slows pacemaker activity
Propanolol
39
May be used to treat thyrotoxicosis-related arrhythmias
Emsolol
40
Drugs inhibit peripheral conversion of T4 to T3
- PTU
- Propanolol
- Htdrocortisone
41
Controls severe cardiovascular manifestations of Thyroid storm
Propanolol
42
Protects against shock and also blocks peripheral conversion of T4 to T3
Hydrocortisone
43
Drug-induced hyperthyroidism
CAM
- Clofibrate
- Amiodarone
- Methadone
44
Block uptake of iodide by the gland through competitive inhibition of iodide transport mechanism
- perchlorate
- pertechnetate
- thiocyanate
45
Prototype glucocorticoid
Hydrocortisone (cortisol)
46
Glucocorticoid with highest anti-inflammatory potency
Betamethasone
47
Mineralocorticoid with highest salt-retaining potency
Fludrocortisone
48
Active metabolite of prednisone
Prednisolone
49
Term used for behavioral changes secondary to steroid use
Steroid rage
50
Postcoital contraceptive used for emergency contraception (within 72°)
Levonorgestrel
- activates estrogen and/or progesterone receptors
- thickens cervical mucus
- inhibits ovulation
51
Estrogen ANTAGONIST in breast and CNS
| Estrogen AGONIST in urerus, liver and bone
Tamoxifen
52
Used for hormone-responsive breast CA, prophylaxis of breast CA
Tamoxifen
53
Full estrogen receptor ANTAGONIST
| No agonist effect
Fulvestrant
54
Given for breast CA patients who are ER/PR (+)
Tamoxifen/toremifene
55
Estrogen ANTAGONIST in breast, CNS, uterus
| AGONIST in liver and bone
Raloxifene
56
Used for osteoporosis and breast cancer prevention
Raloxifene
| - preferred in patient with history of breast CA in the management of hot flushes
57
Partial agonist of estrogen receptors in pituitary.
Reduces negative feedback by estradiol
Increase FSH and LH output
Clomiphene
58
Used for induction of ovulation for those who want to get pregnant
Clomiphene
59
Estrogen synthesis inhibitor by inhibiting aromatase
Anastrazole
| - for breast CA and precocious puberty
60
Irreversible inhibitor of aromatase (testosterone to estradiol)
Exemestane
61
Ovarian inhibitor (antiandrogen)
- weak cytochrome P450 inhibitor
- partial agonist of progestin and androgen receptors
Danazol
For:
- endometriosis
- fibrocystic disease
- hemophilis
- angioneurotic edema
C/I: pregnancy and breastfeeding
May also act on glucocorticoid receptors
62
Glucocorticoid synthesis inhibitor
| - inhibits desmolase
Aminoglutethimide
For:
- breast CA
- Cushing syndrome
63
Selective inhibitor of 11 hydroxylation interfering with cortisol anf corticosterone synthesis
Metyrapone
64
DOC for pregnant wit Cushing syndrome
Metyrapone
65
Glucocorticoid receptor antagonist
| Progesterone receptor antagonist
Mifepristone
66
Anabolic steroid androgen
| - illegal performance enhancement drug in athletes
Oxandrolone
67
Competitive antagonist at androgen receptor
| - for prostate CA
Flutamide
68
- Antagonist at androgen receptor
| - marked progestational effect that suppresses the feedback enhancement of LH and FSH
Cyproterone
For
- hirsutism
- decreases sexual drive in men
69
Androgen synthesis inhibitor that inhibits 5 alpha-reductase (testosterone to dihydrotestosterone)
Finasteride/Dutasteride
For
- BPH
- male pattern baldness
- hirsutism
70
Rapid acting Insulin
LAG
- lispro
- aspart
- glulisine
71
Long acting insulin
- Glargine
- Lantus
- Detemir
72
Early morning hyperglycemia
3AM: hypoglycemia
7AM: hyperglycemia
Somogyi effect
73
Treatment for Somogyi effect
Decrease evening insulin
SOMOGYI = SUMOBRA
74
Early morning hyperglycemia
3AM: normal
7AM: hyperglycemia
Dawn phenomenon
75
Treatment for Dawn phenomenon
Increase evening insulin
76
Early morning hyperglycemia
3AM: hyperglycemia
7AM: hyperglycemia
Waning of Insulin Dose
77
Treatment for waning of insulin dose
Increase evening insulin
78
Early morning hyperglycemia
3AM: hyperglycemia
7AM: more hyperglycemia
Dawn + Waning
Increase insulin dose
79
Perior in T1 DM when exogenous insulin requirements decrease due to an increase in endogenous production of insulin
Honeymoon period
80
Antidiabetic drugs which causes weight gain
GITS
- glinides (non-sulfonylurea insulin secretagogues)
- insulin
- TZD
- SUR
81
Antidiabetic agents which accelerates gastric emptying time
- GLP 1 agonist
- DPP4 inhibitor
- pramlintide
82
SUR that has the longest duration of action and disulfiram reaction
Chlorpropramide - 1st gen SUR
Disulfiram drugs
Clara took the Pre-Medical Test in the PM
- chlorpropramide
- cefoperazone
- cefomandole
- cefotetan
- procarbazine
- metronidazole
83
MOA of SUR
Increase insulin secretion by closing ATP-sensitive K channels
84
2nd gen SUR which has SE of cholestatic jaundice
Glibenclamide
| - most notorious among 2nd gen SUR
85
1st gen SUR which are highly protein bound
| - compete wfor protein binding and may enhance hypoglycemic effects
Tolbutamide
| Chlorpropamide
86
Antidiabetic agents which mag cause hypoglycemia
- insulin
- SUR
- glinides (less)
87
MOA of glinides
- repaglinide
- nateglinide
- mitiglinide
- Increase insulin secretion by closing ATP-sensitive K channels
- reduces circulating glucose
- increases glycogen, fat and protein formation and gene regulation
88
Glinide that has the least incidence of hypoglycemia and may be used in CKD patients
Nateglinide
89
Has the lowest risk of developing hypoglycemia since they have a short duration of action
GLINIDES
Other drugs that cause hypoglycemia
- insulin
- SUR
