12. Fixed oils (Coconut oil - soybean oil)

Question 1

What is the botanical origin of coconut oil?

Answer 1

Cocos nucifera

Question 2

Give extraction of coconut oil?

Answer 2

Coconut oil is obtained by expression or solvent extraction from the dried solid parts of the endosperm of cocos nucifera.

Question 3

What is the iodine number of coconut oil?

Answer 3

7.5 - 10.5

Question 4

What % of oil is extracted from coconut?

Answer 4

The result obtained from the analysis showed that coconut seed has light golden oil with percentage yield of20.11%

Question 5

What are the constituents of coconut oil?

Answer 5

Saturated Fatty acids
Lauric acid
Capric acid
Caprylic acid
Myristic acid
Palmitic acid
Stearic acid

Question 6

What are uses of coconut oil?

Answer 6

1. It is widely used as edible fats in confectionaries, cosmetics and pharmaceutically in ointment bases.
2. Natural skin moisturizer

Question 7

What is the botanical origin of almond?

Answer 7

Prunus amygdalis

Question 8

Which is the sweet variety of almond vs. the bitter variety of almond?

Answer 8

Dulcis variety: sweet
Amara variety: bitter

Question 9

Give oil content of almond oil?

Answer 9

Oil content varied from58.8% to 43.85%of the total kernel dry weight.

Question 10

What is iodine number of almond oil?

Answer 10

94-105

Question 11

Give preparation of almond oil?

Answer 11

Almond oil is obtained by grinding the seeds and expressing, them in canvas bags between slightly heated iron plates. The oil is clarified and filtrated
It is a pale yellow liquid with a slight odour and bland nutty taste
Bitter almonds, after maceration on hydrolysis of amygdalin yield a volatile oil that is used as a flavouring agent. Sweet almonds are extensively used as a food, but bitter almonds are not suitable for this purpose.

Question 12

What are constituents of almond oil?

Answer 12

Seeds contain:
Fixed oil 40-45%
Proteins & mucilage
Oil contains:
Linoleic acid
Oleic acid
Myristic acid
Palmitic acid

Question 13

Give uses of almond oil?

Answer 13

1. Emollient
2. Mild laxative
3. Vehicle for oily injections
4. An ingredient in cosmetics

Question 14

What is the botanical origin of linseed oil?

Answer 14

Linum usitatissimum

Question 15

What is the synonym of linseed oil?

Answer 15

Flaxseed/alsi oil

Question 16

What is the iodine number of linseed oil?

Answer 16

170-204

Question 17

What is the % of oil in linseed oil?

Answer 17

33-43 % of oil by dry weight

Question 18

What are the constituents of linseed oil?

Answer 18

Linseed oil composed of the glycerides of the following fatty acids:
Linoleic acid
Oleic acid
Linolenic acid
Myristic acid
Palmitic acid
Stearic acid

Question 19

What are the uses of linseed oil?

Answer 19

It is used as demulcent
In the form of poultices for gouty and rheumatic swellings
Linseed oil has emollient, expectorant, diuretic, and laxative properties and it is utilized externally in lotions and liniments.

Question 20

What is the botanical origin of mustard oil?

Answer 20

Brassica nigra (black mustard)
Brassica jucea (brown mustard)

Question 21

What content of oil is present in seeds?

Answer 21

Mustard seeds. generally contain oil content from36% to 46%

Question 22

What is the iodine value of mustard oil?

Answer 22

With an iodine value of96 – 107 (black mustard oil) or 92 – 108 (white mustard oil), mustard oil is a semidrying oil, which means that it dries to a certain degree on contact with atmospheric oxygen.

Question 23

What are the constituents of mustard oil?

Answer 23

Mustard oil contains glycerides of :
Erucic acid
Oleic acid
lenoleic acid
Linolenic acid
Eicosenoic acid
Myristic acid

Question 24

What are the constituents of black mustard oil?

Answer 24

Black mustard seed contains 35-40% fixed oil and a glycoside known as sinigrin along with an enzyme myrosin. Allyl isothiocyanate is responsible for strong acrid smell of volatile oil of mustard produced on hydrolysis of glycoside.

Question 25

What are the uses of mustard oil?

Answer 25

1. Fixed oil is used as Edible oil after refining 2. Medicinal properties are due to allylisothiocyanate which is is a local irritant and emetic 3. Hair treatment 4. Rubifacient if applied externally 5. Infant massage oil 6. Cosmetics like soap, shampoo etc 7. Refined mustard oil is used in vegetable ghee

Question 25

What is the iodine value of

Answer 25

The average range of iodine value is 104-120

Question 25

What is the botanical origin of sesame oil?

Answer 25

Sesamum indicum

Question 26

What % of oil is contained in sesame seeds?

Answer 26

Sesame seed contains 50-60% of high quality oil which is rich in polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFA) and natural antioxidants, sesamin, & sesamolin

Question 27

What are the constituents of sesame oil?

Answer 27

Seeds contain: Fixed oil 45% Oil contains: Linoleic acid Oleic acid Palmitic acid Stearic acid Lignan (Sesamin) 1% and related sesamolin and vitamin A and E During Refining sesamolin is readily converted into antioxidant phenols sesamol and sesamolinol.

Question 28

What are the uses of sesame oil?

Answer 28

1. Solvent for IM injections for steroids,antibiotic and hormones 2. Demulcent & emollient 3. Mild Laxative 4. Anti-oxidant 5. Headache pain and anxiety 6. The oil is used in insecticidal sprays 7. Hair treatment and body massage 8. SESAMOLIN contained in the unsaponifiable fraction of the oil is an effective synergist for pyrethrum insecticides. 9. An extract rich in lignans as an antioxidant and radical scavenger is used in cosmetic industry.

Question 29

What is the botanical origin of soybean oil?

Answer 29

Glycine max

Question 30

What is oil content of soybean seeds?

Answer 30

Cultivated soybean seeds have an oil content of approximately 18–22%, whereas wild soybean seeds contain about 8–10% oil

Question 31

What is the iodine value of soybean oil?

Answer 31

The average range of iodine value is 124-139

Question 32

What are the constituents of soybean oil?

Answer 32

Soybean oil contains: Linoleic acid Oleic acid Linolenic acid Palmitic acid Stearic acid

Question 33

What are the uses of soybean oil?

Answer 33

1 Extensively used as varnishes 2. Plant sterols, chemicals derived from soybean oil, are used to lower total cholesterol and “bad” low-density lipoprotein (LDL) cholesterol. 3. Specially processed soybean oil is used to treat osteoarthritis. 4. Some people apply soybean oil directly to the skin to repel mosquitoes and other insects. 5. Soybean oil is also used as a nutritional supplement in intravenous feedings.