1.2 : introduction to Urinalysis Flashcards
(54 cards)
It was the beginning of laboratory medicine
Analyzing urine
Drawings of cavemen and Egyptian hieroglyphics such as ____________ marked the beginning of laboratory medicine
Edwin smith surgical papyrus
On 5th century BC, ____________ wrote a book on ”uroscopy”
Hippocrates
This was when color charted had been developed that described the significance of 20 different color of urine
1140 CE
He discovered albuminuria through boiling urine
Frederick Dekkers
He developed methods of quantitating microscopic sediments in 1925
Thomas Addis
In 1827, he introduced the concept of urinalysis as part of a doctor’s routine px examination
Richard Bright
The charlatans were called Pisse prophets and were featured in a book published by
Thomas Bryant
The credibility of urinalysis became compromised when charlatans without medical credentials began offering their predictions to the public for a healthy fee. They were called
Pisse prophets
What are two unique features of urine specimen that accounted to its popularity
- Urine is readily available and easily collected
- Urine contains information
The kidneys continuously form urine as an ___________
ultrafiltrate of plasma
Reabsorption of water and filtered substances essential to body function converts approximately ____________ of filtered plasma to the average daily urine output of ___________, depending on fluid intake
170,000 mL of plasma = 1200 mL urine output
Urine composition
95% water
5% solute
What are the organic components of urine
- Urea
- Creatinine
- Uric Acid
What are the inorganic components of urine
- Chloride
- Sodium
- Potassium
- Phosphate
- Ammonium
- Calcium
It is a metabolic waste product produced in the liver from the breakdown of protein and amino acids, account for nearly half of the total dissolved solids in urine
Urea
T or F
Creatinine, urea, sodium, and chloride are significantly higher in urine than in other body fluids
Trye
It is a decrease in urine output
- infants : <1 mL/kg/hr infants
- children : <0.5 mL/kg/hr
- adults : <400 mL/day
the body enters a state of dehydration as a result of excessive water loss from vomiting, diarrhea, perspiration, or severe burns
Oliguria
It is the cessation of urine flow which is a result of any serious damage to the kidneys or from a decrease in the flow of blood to the kidneys
Anuria
T or F
The kidneys excrete 2x - 3x more urine during the day than during the night
True
An increase in the nocturnal excretion of urine is termed
Nocturia
An increase in daily urine volume
- adults : >2.5 L/day
- children : >2.5 to 3 mL/kg/day
Polyuria
Polyuria is usually associated with
Diabetes mellitus, diabetes insipidus, or diuretics, caffeine, alcohol, or anything that suppress secretion of ADH
It is a primary organic component. Product of metabolism of protein and amino acids
Urea
