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MT6328 : AUBF > 1.3 : Physical Examination > Flashcards

1.3 : Physical Examination Flashcards

(105 cards)

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1
Q

Normal color of urine

A

Yellow

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2
Q

Urochrome gives off what color

A

Yellow

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3
Q

Uroerythrin gives off what color (after refrigeration)

A

Pink

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4
Q

Urobilin gives off what color

A

Orange-brown

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5
Q

Uroerythrin gives off a pink color after the urine is _________

A

Refrigerated

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6
Q

T or F
Color of the urine may vary due to normal metabolic functions, physical activity, ingested materials, or pathologic conditions

A

True

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7
Q

Color of urine
Commonly observed with random spx

A

Colorless / straw colored

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8
Q

Color of urine
Commonly observed with random spx

A

Colorless / straw colored

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9
Q

Color of urine
It is caused by recent fluid consumption

A

Colorless

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10
Q

Color of urine
It can be caused by polyuria or diabetes insipidus

A

Pale yellow

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11
Q

Color of urine
It can be caused by diabetes mellitus

A

Pale yellow

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12
Q

Color of urine
It can be caused by diluted random spx

A

Pale yellow

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13
Q

Color of urine
It is correlated to increased 24 hr volume and low specific gravity

A

Polyuria / Diabetes insipidus - Pale yellow

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14
Q

Color of urine
It is correlated to elevated specific gravity and (+) for glucose test

A

Diabetes mellitus - Pale yellow

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15
Q

Color of urine
It is correlated to fever or burns

A

Dehydration - Dark yellow

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16
Q

Color of urine
It is correlated to yellow foam positive when shaken and positive chemical test results for bilirubin

A

Bilirubin - dark yellow

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17
Q

Color of urine
It is correlated to (-) for bile test and possible green fluorescence

A

Acriflavine - Dark yellow

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18
Q

Color of urine
It is correlated to antibiotic administered for UTI

A

Nitrofurantoin - dark yellow

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19
Q

Color of urine
It is caused by intake of B complex vitamins

A

Dark yellow

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20
Q

Color of urine
It is caused by dehydration

A

Dark yellow

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21
Q

Color of urine
It is caused by presence of bilirubin

A

Dark yellow

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22
Q

Color of urine
It is caused by intake of Acriflavine

A

Dark yellow

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23
Q

Color of urine
It is caused by intake of Nitrofurantoin (for UTI)

A

Dark yellow

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24
Q

Color of urine
It is caused by intake of Amitriptyline (antidepressant)

A

Blue-green

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25
Color of urine It is caused by intake of Methocarbamol (Robaxin - muscoskeletal pain reliever)
Blue-green
26
Color of urine It is caused by intake of Clorets (contains chlorophyll)
Blue-green
27
Color of urine It is caused by Indican
Blue-green
28
Color of urine It is caused by methylene blue
Blue-green
29
Color of urine It is caused by phenol (oxidized)
Blue-green
30
Color of urine It is caused by ***Pseudomonas*** infection
Green
31
Color of urine It is caused by bilirubin oxidized to biliverdin
Yellow-green
32
Color of urine It is caused by intake of Phenindione (vitamin K antagonist)
Orange-yellow
33
Color of urine It is caused by intake of Phenazopyridine (for UTI)
orange-yellow
34
Color of urine It is caused by presence of RBCs or Hematuria
Pink
35
Color of urine It is caused by presence of : - hemoglobin - myoglobin - beets - rifampin - menstrual contamination
Red
36
Color of urine It is caused by presence of porphyrins
Port wine
37
Color of urine It is caused by presence of RBCs (or myoglobin) oxidized to **methemoglobin**
Red-brown
38
Color of urine It is caused by presence of homogentisic acid (alkaptonuria)
Brown
39
Color of urine It is caused by presence of : - homogentisic acid - argyrol - methyldopa / levodopa - metronidazole (flagyl)
Black
40
Also known as urine transparency
Clarity
41
**Freshly voided** normal urine is usually ________
Normal
42
Clarity No visible particulates, transparent
Clear
43
Clarity Few particulates, print easily seen through urine
Hazy
44
Clarity Many particulates, print blurred through urine
Cloudy
45
Clarity Print cannot be seen through urine
Turbid
46
Clarity May precipitate or be clotted
Milky
47
Order of clarity
Clear Hazy Cloudy Turbid Milky
48
What are some non-pathologic causes of urine turbidity
- squamous epithelial cells - mucus - amorphous phosphates carbonates, urates - semen, spermatozoa - fecal contamination - radio graphic contrast media - talcum powder - vaginal cream
49
What are some pathologic causes of urine turbidity
- RBCs - WBCs - Bacteria - yeast - non squamous epithelial cells - abnormal cells - lymph fluid - lipids
50
Evaluation of urine concentration is done by measuring the ____________ of the specimen
specific gravity
51
Defined as mass per unit volume
Density
52
It is the density of a material at a certain temperature divided by the density of water at a certain temperature
Specific gravity
53
Material per unit volume
Density
54
Ratio of the density of a substance to the density of a reference substance
Specific gravity
55
What is the unit for density
Kilogram per cubic meter
56
value of density
Absolute value
57
Value of specific gravity
Relative value
58
In measuring SG for solids and liquids, the is measured using ________ as the reference substance
Water
59
In measuring SG for gas, the is measured using ________ as the reference substance
Hydrogen gas or normal aie
60
It is a method that directly measures an analyte and its examples are urinometer & harmonic oscillation densinometer
Direct method
61
It is a method that uses a reagent to measure an analyte or correlate I with the analyte being measure and its examples are reagent strip and refractometer
Indirect methtid
62
What are examples of direct method
- harmonic oscillation densitometer - urinometer
63
What are examples of indirect method
- reagent strip - refractometer
64
Color of urine Propofol (anesthetic)
Blue-green
65
Color of urine Familial hypercalcemia / “Blue diaper syndrome”
Blue-green
66
Color of urine Indomethacin - Indocin, Tivorbex (nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drug)
Blue-green
67
Color of urine - Cloudy urine - (+) blood - RBCs visible microscopically
RBCs - pink red
68
Color of urine - Clear urine - (+) blood - intravascular hemolysis
Hemoglobin - pink red
69
Color of urine - Clear urine - (+) blood - muscle damage
Myoglobin - pink red
70
Color of urine **Cloudy** specimen with **RBCs**, **mucus**, and **clots**
Menstrual contamination - pink red
71
Color of urine Homo
72
Color of urine Homo
73
Color of urine Malignant melanoma Melanin or melanogen
Brown or black
74
Dark yellow or amber urine may not always signify a normal concentrated urine but can be caused by the presence of the abnormal pigment ___________
bilirubin
75
**Photo-oxidation of bilirubin** imparts a **yellow-green** color to the urine caused by the presence of ____________
biliverdin
76
What is the principle of a refractometer
Refractive index
77
What is the principle of osmolality
Changes in **colligative properties** by particle number
78
What is the principle of a reagent strip
**pKa changes** of a polyelectrolyte by ions present
79
What is the principle of a urinometer
Weighted float attached to a scale
80
What method of measuring the SG uses this principle: frequency of a sound wave entering a solution changes in proportion to the density of the solution
Harmonic oscillation densitometry
81
What method of measuring the SG uses this principle: frequency of a sound wave entering a solution changes in proportion to the density of the solution
Harmonic oscillation densitometry
82
Determine whether this causes High or Low SG dehydration
High SG
83
Determine whether this causes High or Low SG High levels of glucose or protein
High SG
84
Determine whether this causes High or Low SG X ray contrast media or dye
High SG
85
Determine whether this causes High or Low SG Diabetes mellitus
High SG
86
Determine whether this causes High or Low SG Diluted urine
Low SG
87
Determine whether this causes High or Low SG Renal failure - tubular necrosis
Low SG
88
Determine whether this causes High or Low SG Diabetes insipidus - decreased ADH fxn
Low SG
89
Freshly voided urine has what kind of odor
faint aromatic odor
90
What is responsible for the characteristic ammonia odor of urine
Breakdown of Urea
91
Bacterial infection causes what kind of odor
Strong, unpleasant odor
92
Diabetic ketones produce what kind of odor
Sweet or fruity odor
93
serious metabolic defect results in urine with a strong odor of
Maple syrup (maple syrup disease)
94
What is the normal odor or urine
Aromatic
95
Odor of urine with bacterial decomposition, or urinary tract infection
Foul, ammonia-like
96
Odor of urine with ketones (diabetes mellitus, starvation, vomiting)
Sweet or fruity
97
Odor of urine of px with Phenylketonuria
Mousy odor
98
Odor of urine of px with **Phenylketonuria**
Mousy odor
99
Odor of urine of px with Tyrosinemia
Rancid
100
Odor of urine of px with Isovaleric acidemia
Sweaty feet
101
Odor of urine of px with Methionine malabsorption
Cabbage
102
Odor of urine with **contamination**
Bleach
103
Specific gravity is exactly **1.010**
Isothenuric
104
Specific gravity is **>1.010**
Hypersthenuric
105
Specific gravity is **<1.010**
Hyposthenuric

MT6328 : AUBF (4 decks)

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