1.2 Organelles are interrelated, prokaryotes and viruses Flashcards
(18 cards)
Why might mitochondria appear differently on images?
Self-replication, Stage of division, stage of development ,size, not fully formed, age.
What is stage 1 in relation of organelles?
The nucleus contains chromosomes in which the DNA encodes proteins.
What is stage 2 in relation of organelles?
Nuclear pores in the nuclear envelope allow mRNA molecules, transcribed off the DNA to leave the nucleus and attach to ribosome’s in the cytoplasm or on the rough ER.
What is stage 3 in relation of organelles?
Ribosomes contain rRNA, transcribed from the DNA, located in the nucleolus.
What is stage 4 in relation of organelles?
Protein synthesis occurs on
ribosome’s, producing proteins in their primary structure.
What is stage 5 in relation of organelles?
Polypeptides (proteins) made on the ribosomes are moved through the RER and are packaged into vesicles. The vesicles bud off the RER and carry the polypeptides to the golgi body, where they are chemically modified and folded.
What is stage 6 in relation of organelles?
The golgi body produces vesicles containing newly synthesised proteins. These may be lysosomes, containing digestive enzymes, used within the cell. They may be secretory vesicles, which carry proteins to the cell membrane for exocytosis.
What is a prokaryote?
A single celled organism lacking membrane bound organelles, such as nucleus, with its DNA free in the cytoplasm.
What is a eukaryote?
Any organisms containing cells that have membrane bound organelles, with DNA in chromosomes in nucleus.
All prokaryotes have..?
- DNA molecule loose in cytoplasm
- Peptidoglycan cell wall
- 70 s ribosomes
- Cytoplasm
- Cell membrane
Some prokaryotes have?
- Slime coat
- Flagella
- Photosynthetic lamellae holding
photosynthetic pigments - Mesosome-site of aerobic respiration
- Plasmids
Each virus particle has a core of what around it?
Nucleic acid surrounded by a protein coat called the capsid.
Most viruses found in animal cells and those attacking bacteria have what?
Nucleic acid DNA.
Virus’s can be called non-cells. Why?
They have no cytoplasm, organelles and no chromosomes.
What do viruses exist as outside the cell?
An inert ‘viron’.
Virus’s are what?
Acellular.
How do virus’s function?
They invade host cells and take over its metabolism.
Bacteriophages are?
Viruses that attack bacteria.
