(12) Personality

Question 1

Dark Triad

Answer 1

Three traits – Machiavellianism, Psychopathy, and Narcissism. Which describe a person who is socially destructive, aggressive, dishonest, and likely to commit harm in general

Question 2

Factor Analysis

Answer 2

(1) A statistical technique that examines correlations between variables to find clusters of related variables, or “factors”; (2) In personality analysis, grouping items that people respond to similarly; for instance, the terms friendly and warm

Question 3

Five Factor Model

Answer 3

A trait-based theory of personality based on the finding that personality can be described using five major dimensions

Question 4

Hexaco model of personality

Answer 4

a six-factor theory that generally replicates the factors of the give factor model a d adds one additional factor: Honesty Humility

Question 5

Idiographic Approach

Answer 5

Creating detailed descriptions of a specific perons’ unique personality characteristic’s

Question 6

Nomothetic Approach

Answer 6

Examines personality in large groups of people, with the aim of making generalizations about personality structure

Question 7

Personality

Answer 7

a characteristic pattern of thinking, feeling, and behaving that is unique to each individual, and remains relatively consistent over time and situations

Question 8

Personality Trait

Answer 8

A specific psychological characteristic that makes up part of a person’s personality

Question 9

Reciprocal Determinism

Answer 9

Interactions between behaviour, internal (personal) factors, and external (situational) factors, all of which mutually influence each other

Question 10

Right-Wing Authoritarianism (RWA)

Answer 10

(1) obeying orders and deferring to the established authorities in a society
(2) Supporting aggression against those who dissent or differ from the established social order
(3) believing strongly in maintaining the exisiting social order

Question 11

State

Answer 11

A temporary physical or psychological engagement that influences behaviour

Question 12

Arousal Theory of Extraversion

Answer 12

Extraversion is determined by people’s threshold for arousal

Question 13

Ascending Reticular Activating System (ARAS)

Answer 13

Plays a central role in controlling the arousal response

Question 14

Behavioral Activation System (BAS)

Answer 14

A “Go” system, arousing the person to action in the pursuit of desired goals

Question 15

Behavioural Inhibition System (BIS)

Answer 15

A “danger” system, motivating the person to action in order to avoid punishments or other negative outcomes

Question 16

Humourism

Answer 16

Explained both physical illnesses and disorder or personality as resulting from imbalances in key fluids in the body

Question 17

Phrenology

Answer 17

The theory that personality characteristics could be assessed by carefully measuring the outer skull

Question 18

Response Styles

Answer 18

Characteristic ways of responding to questions

Question 19

Genome-Wide Association Study (GWAS)

Answer 19

Involves examining the DNA of the entire genome of individuals and determining which genetic variants are associated with a particular trait (Including diseases)

Question 20

Analytical Psychology

Answer 20

Focuses on the role of unconscious archetypes in personality development

Question 21

Archetypes

Answer 21

Images and symbols that reflect common patterns of experience across all cultures

Question 22

Collective Unconscious

Answer 22

A separate, non-personal realm of the unconscious that holds the collective memories and mythologies of humankind, stretching deep into our ancestral past

Question 23

Conscious Mind

Answer 23

Your current awareness, containing everything you are aware of right now

Question 24

Defence Mechanisms

Answer 24

Unconscious Strategies the ego uses to reduce or avoid anxiety

Question 25

Ego

Answer 25

(According to Freud) the decision maker, frequently under tension, trying to reconcile the opposing urges of the id and superego

Question 26

Fixation

Answer 26

Becoming preocuppied with obtaining the pleasure associated with a particular Freudian stage as result of not being able to adequality regulate oneself and stratify needs at that stage

Question 27

Id

Answer 27

(according to Freud) a collection of basic biological drives, including those directed toward sex and aggression

Question 28

Inferiority Complex

Answer 28

The struggle many people have with feelings of inferiority, which stem from experiences of helplessness and powerlessness during childhood

Question 29

Person-Centred perspective

Answer 29

Founded on the assumption that people are basically good, and given the right environment their personality will develop fully and normally

Question 30

Personal Unconscious

Answer 30

A vast repository of experiences and patterns that are absorbed during the person's lifetime

Question 31

Projective Tests

Answer 31

Personality tests in which ambiguous images are presented to an individual to elicit responses that reflect unconscious desires or conflicts

Question 32

Rorschach Inkblot test

Answer 32

A test in which people are asked to describe what they see on an Inkblot, and psychologists interpret this description using a standardized scoring and interpretation method

Question 33

Self-Actualization

Answer 33

The point at which a person reaches their full potential as a creative, deep-thinking, and accepting human being

Question 34

Superego

Answer 34

(according to Frued) comprised of our values and moral standards

Question 35

Thematic Apperception Test (TAT)

Answer 35

A test in which respondents are asked to tell stories about ambiguous pictures involving various interpersonal situations

Question 36

Unconscious Mind

Answer 36

A vast and powerful but inaccessible part of your consciousness, operating without your conscious endorsement or will to influence and guide your behaviours