12: Prosocial behaviour Flashcards
(39 cards)
The desire to help another person, even if it involves a cost to the helper, is called:
Altruism
The qualities that cause an individual to help others in a wide variety of situations is called an:
(Hint: AP)
Altruistic Personality
The finding that the greater the number of bystanders who witness an emergency, the less likely any one of them is to help is called the:
(Hint: BE)
Bystander Effect
The idea that when we feel empathy for a person, we will attempt to help that person for purely altruistic reasons, regardless of what we have to gain, is called the:
(Hint: E-AH)
Empathy-Altruism Hypothesis
The ability to put oneself in the shoes of another person and to experience events and emotions (e.g. joy, sadness) the way that person experiences them, is called:
empathy.
The group in which the individual identifies as a member, is called the:
(Hint: I-G)
In-Group
The idea that behaviours that help a genetic relative are favoured by natural selection, is called:
(Hint: KS)
Kin Selection
The expectation that helping other will increase the likelihood that they will help us in the future, is called the:
(Hint: NoR)
Norm of Reciprocity
Any group with which an individual does not identify, is called an:
(Hint: O-G)
Out-Group
The case in which people think that everyone else in interpreting a situation in a certain way, when in fact they are not, is called:
(Hint: PI)
Pluralistic Ignorance
Any act performed with the goal of benefiting another person is called:
(Hint: PB)
Prosocial Behaviour
The theory that people living in cities are constantly bombarded with stimulation and that they keep to themselves to avoid being overwhelmed by it, is called the:
(Hint: UOH)
Urban Overload Hypothesis
What are the 3 basic human motives for underlying prosocial behaviour?
- Evolution and genes.
- Social exchange theory.
- Empathy and altruism.
According to evolutionary theories, what 3 things cause prosocial behaviour?
- Kin selection.
- Norms of reciprocity.
- Group selection.
According to evolutionary theories, how does kin selection encourage prosocial behaviour?
Behaviours that help a genetic relative are favoured by natural selection.
According to evolutionary theories, how do norms of reciprocity encourage prosocial behaviour?
The expectation that helping others will increase the likelihood they help us in the future.
“You scratch my back I’ll scratch yours.”
According to evolutionary theories, how does group selection encourage prosocial behaviour?
Social groups with altruistic members are more likely to survive in competition with other groups.
How does Social Exchange Theory explain prosocial behaviour?
People help others in order to maximise social rewards and minimise social costs.
What theory is used to explain the role of empathy and altruism in encouraging prosocial behaviour?
(Hint: E-AH)
The Empathy-Altruism Hypothesis
How does the Empathy-Altruism Hypothesis explain how empathy and altruism encourage prosocial behaviour?
When people feel empathy towards another person, they feel motivated to help them for purely altruistic reasons.
What are the 5 variables that influence why some people help more than others?
(Hint: PGCRM)
- Personality
- Gender roles
- Culture
- Religion
- Mood
How does personality influence levels of helping?
Hint: AP
The Altruistic Personality
Is personality a strong predictor of helping?
No.
How does gender roles influence helping?
Men are socialised to be chivalrous and heroic.
Women are socialised to be helpful in long-term close relationships.
