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HAN 312 > 12. Respiratory > Flashcards

12. Respiratory Flashcards

(127 cards)

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1
Q

adenoids

A

lymphatic tissue in the nasopharynx

-pharyngeal tonsils

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2
Q

alveolus

A

air sac in the lung

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3
Q

apex of the lung

A
  • tip or uppermost portion of the lung
  • apical means pertaining to or located at the apex
  • apex is at the bottom
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4
Q

bronchioles

A

smallest branches of the bronchi

-terminal bronchioles lead to alveolar ducts

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5
Q

bronchus

A

branch of the trachea that is a passageway into the lungs

-bronchial tube

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6
Q

carbon dioxide

A

gas produced by body cells when oxygen and carbon atoms from food combine
-exhaled through the lungs

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7
Q

cilia

A
  • thin hairs attached to the mucous membrane epithelium lining the respiratory tract
  • clear bacteria and foreign substances from the lung
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8
Q

diaphragm

A
  • muscles separating the chest and abdomen

- contracts to pull air into the lungs and relaxes to push air out

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9
Q

epiglottis

A

lid like piece of cartilage that covers the larynx, preventing food from entering the larynx and trachea during swallowing

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10
Q

expiration

A

breathing out

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11
Q

glottis

A

slit like opening to the larynx

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12
Q

hilum of the lung

A

midline region where the bronchi. blood vessels, and nerves enter and exit the lungs
-hilar means pertaining to the hilum

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13
Q

inspiration

A

breathing in

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14
Q

larynx

A

voice box

-containing the vocal cords

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15
Q

lobe

A

division of a lung

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16
Q

mediastinum

A

region between the lungs in the chest cavity

-contains the trachea, heart, lymph nodes, aorta, esophagus, and bronchial tubes

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17
Q

nares

A

openings through the nose carrying air into the nasal cavities

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18
Q

oxygen

A

gas that makes up 21 percent of the air

-passes into bloodstream at the lungs and travels to body cells

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19
Q

palatine tonsil

A

-one of a pair of almond shaped masses of lymphatic tissue in the oropharynx

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20
Q

palatine

A

-means pertaining to the roof of mouth

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21
Q

paranasal sinus

A

one of the air cavities in the bones near the nose

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22
Q

parietal pleura

A

outer layer of pleura lying closer to the ribs and chest wall

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23
Q

pharynx

A

throat

-including the nasopharynx, oropharynx, and laryngopharynx

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24
Q

pleura

A

double layered membrane surrounding each lung

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25
pleural cavity
-space between the fold of the pleura
26
pulmonary parenchyma
- essential parts of the lung, responsible for respiration | - bronchioles and alveoli
27
respiration
process of moving air into and out of the lungs | -breathing
28
trachea
windpipe
29
visceral pleura
inner layer of pleura lying closer to the lung tissue
30
adenoid/o
adenoids
31
alveol/o
alveolus, air sac
32
bronch/o; bronchi/o
bronchial tube, bronchus
33
bronchiol/o
bronchiole, small bronchus
34
capn/o
carbon dioxide
35
coni/o
dust
36
cyan/o
blue
37
epiglott/o
epiglottis
38
laryng/o
larynx, voice box
39
lob/o
lobe of the lung
40
mediastin/o
mediastinum
41
nas/o
nose
42
orth/o
straight, upright
43
ox/o
oxygen
44
pector/o
chest
45
pharyng/o
pharynx, throat
46
phon/o
voice
47
phren/o
diaphragm
48
pleur/o
pleura
49
pneum/o; pneumon/o
air, lung
50
pulmon/o
lung
51
rhin/o
nose
52
sinus/o
sinus, cavity
53
spir/o
breathing
54
tel/o
complete
55
thorac/o
chest
56
tonsill/o
tonsils
57
trache/o
trachea, windpipe
58
-ema
condition
59
-osmia
smell
60
-pnea
breathing
61
-ptysis
spitting
62
-sphyxia
pulse
63
-thorax
pleural cavity, chest
64
auscultation
listening to sounds within the body | -use stethoscope
65
percussion
- tapping on a surface to determine the difference in the density of the underlying structure - lungs -> hollow note - fluid filled lung -> dullness
66
pleural rub
- scratchy sound produced by pleural surfaces rubbing against each other - friction rub - pleure are roughened and thickened by inflammation, infection, scarring, or neoplastic - heart on auscultation
67
rales (Crackles)
- fine crackling sounds heard on auscultation (during inhalation) when there is fluid in the alveoli - pneumonia, bronchiectasis, acute bronchitis
68
rhonchi
- loud rumbling sounds heard on auscultation of bronchi obstructed by sputum - resemble snoring - caused by secretion in larger bronchial tubes
69
sputum
- material expelled from the bronchi, lungs, or upper respiratory tract by spitting - purulent sputum- green/brown
70
purulent
containing pus
71
stridor
- strained, high pitched sound heard on inspiration caused by obstruction in the pharynx or larynx - causes: throat abscess, airway injury, croup, allergic reaction, or epiglottis, and laryngitis
72
wheezes
- continuous high pitched whistling sounds produced during breathing - when air is forced through narrowed or obstructed passage
73
croup
acute viral infection of infants and children with obstruction of the larynx, accompanied by barking cough and stridor -caused by influenza viruses or RSV
74
diphtheria
- acute inflammation of the throat and upper respiratory tract caused by the dyphtheria bacterium - inflammation - leathery, opaque membrane
75
epistaxis
-nosebleed
76
pertussis
- whooping cough - highly contagious bacterial infection of the pharynx, larynx, and trachea caused by Bordetella pertussis - characterized by paroxysmal (violent, sudden) spasms of coughing that ends in a loud whooping inspiration
77
asthma
-chronic bronchial inflammatory disorder with airway obstruction due to bronchial edema and constriction and increased mucus production
78
bronchiectasis
- chronic dilation of a bronchus, usually secondary to infection - loss of elasticity of the bronchi - secretions puddle and do not drain normally - purulent sputum
79
chornic bronchitis
- inflammation of bronchi persisting over a long time - type of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) - infection and cigarette smoking cause - secretion of often infected mucus, cough and obstruction
80
cystic fibrosis (CF)
inherited disorder of exocrine glands resulting in thick mucinous secretion in the respiratory tract that do not drain normally -genetic mutation
81
atelectasis
- collapsed lung | - incomplete expansion of alveoli
82
emphysema
- hyperinflation of air sacs with destruction of alveolar walls - loss of elasticity - form of COPD - strong association with smoking
83
lung cancer
- malignant tumor arising from the lungs and bronchi - non small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) - small cell lung cancer (SCLC)
84
non small cell lung cancer (NSCLC)
- 90% | - 3 types: adenocarcinoma, squamous cell carcinoma, large cell lung cancer
85
pneumonconiosis
- abnormal condition caused by dust in the lungs, with chronic inflammation, infection, and bronchitis - anthracosis- coal - asbestosis- asbestos - silicosis- silica - grinders disease- glass
86
asbest/o
asbestos
87
anthrac/o
dust
88
silic/o
rocks
89
pneumonia
- acute inflammation and infection of alveoli, which fill with pus or products of the inflammatory reaction - consolidates alveoli - lobar penumonia- entire lobe of lung - bronchopenumonia- limited patchy consolidation - aspiration pneumonia- caused by food, lodging
90
pulmonary abscess
-large collection of pus (bacterial infection) in the lungs
91
pulmonary edema
- fluid in the air sacs and bronchioles | - caused by the inability of heart to pump blood
92
pulmonary embolism (PE)
- clot or other material lodges in vessels of the lung - embolus travels from distant veins - necrotic tissue - chest pain - CT scan - blood in sputum
93
pulmonary fibrosis
-formation of scar tissue in the connective tissue of the lungs
94
sarcoidosis
- chronic inflammatory disease in which small nodules (granulomas) develop in lungs, lymph nodes, and other organs - x ray
95
tuberculosis (TB)
- infectious disease caused by mycobacterium tuberculosis - lungs usually are involved, but any organ in the body may be affected - highly contagious
96
mesothelioma
rare malignant tumor arising in the pleura
97
pleural effusion
abnormal accumulation of fluid in the pleural space (Cavity) 1. exudates- fluid from tumors and infections 2. transudates- fluid from congestive heart failure, pulmonary embolism, or cirrhosis
98
pleurisy (pleuritis)
inflammation of the pleura
99
pneumothorax
collection of air in the pleural space | -communication between alveolus or bronchus with the pleural cavity
100
anthracosis
-coal dust accumulation in lung
101
bacilli
rod shaped bacteria
102
chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD)
- chronic condition of persistent obstruction of air flow through bronchial tubes and lungs - caused by smoking, pollution , infection, asthma
103
cor pulmonale
-failure of the right side of the heart to pump sufficient amount of blood to lungs because of underlying lung disease
104
hydrothorax
-collection of fluid in the pleural cavity
105
infiltrate
-collection of fluid or other materials within the lung, as seen on chest film, ct scan, or other radiologic image
106
palliative
-relieving symptoms, but not curing
107
paroxysmal
-pertaining to sa sudden occurrence, such as spasms or seizure
108
oxysm/o
sudden
109
pulmonary infarction
-area of necrosis
110
chest x-ray (CXR)
-chest film
111
ventilation perfusion (V/Q) scan
- detection device records radioactivity in the lung after intravenous injection of a radioisotope and inhalation of a small amount of radioactive gas (Xenon) - identify areas of the lung not receiving adequate air flow or blood flow - air flow without blood flow -> embolus
112
ventilation
air flow
113
perfusion
blood flow
114
bronchoscopy
- fiberoptic endoscope exam of the bronchial tubes - places through throat, larynx, trachea into bronchial - scrapes tissue
115
endobronchial ultrasound (EBUS)
-performed during bronchoscopy to diagnose lung cancer
116
endotracheal intubation
- placement of a tube through the mouth into the pharynx, larynx, and trachea to establish an airway - ventilator
117
laryngoscopy
-visual exam of voice box
118
lung biopsy
-removal of lung tissue followed by microscopic exam
119
mediastinoscopy
- endoscopic visual exam of the mediastinum | - incision made above breastbone
120
pulmonary function tests (PFTs)
- tests that measure the ventilation mechanics of the lungs: airway function, lung volume, and the capacity of the lungs to exchange oxygen and carbon dioxide efficiently - evaluate patients with short breath - monitor lung function - evaluate disability - assess lung before surgery
121
spirometer
measures the volume and rate of air passing into and out of lungs
122
thoracentesis
-surgical puncture to remove fluid from the pleural space
123
thoracotomy
- large surgical incision of the chest | - for lung biopsy and resections
124
thoracoscopy (thorascopy)
- visual exam of the chest via small incisions and use of an endoscope - video assisted thoracic surgery (VATS) - view chest from video monitor
125
tracheostomy
-surgical creation of an opening into the trachea through the neck
126
tuberculin test
- determines past or present tuberculous infection based on a positive skin reaction - ex. head test, tine test mantoux test
127
tube thoracostomy
- a flexible plastic chest tube is passed into the pleural space through an opening in the chest - remove air, fluid, pus

HAN 312 (19 decks)

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