1.2 Systems and Models Flashcards
Reductionist/Reductionism
analysing and describing a complex phenomenon in terms of its simple or fundamental constituents.
Holistic Approach
Considering an environmental phenomenon as a whole, recognizing the interconnections and relatedness of its individual parts.
Input (to a system or model)
Part of a systems diagram, usually represented by an arrow transferring or transforming energy or matter into a system.
Output (to a system or model)
Part of a systems diagram, usually represented by an arrow transferring or transforming energy or matter out of a system.
Flow (in a system or model)
Usually represented by an arrow.
Could be a transfer or a transformation
Could represent the movement of energy or matter.
Systems Diagram
A visual representation of a system, consisting of arrows (flows) and boxes (stores)
Store/Storage (in a system or model)
Where energy/matter accumulates and is stored.
Often represented as a box or circle.
Transfer
A type of flow involving the transport of either energy or matter without it changing state or chemical composition.
Transformation
A type of flow involving either a change of state or chemical reaction that changes the properties of either energy or matter.
Model
A model is a simplified version of the real thing. We use models as a tool to help us understand how a system works and to predict what happens if something changes.
Open System
A system that allows the flow/exchange of energy and matter between the system and its surroundings/environment
Think of a plant
Closed System
A system that allows the flow/exchange of energy but not matter between the system and its surroundings/environment.
Think of a terrarium
Isolated System
Mostly theoretical. Doesn’t allow the flow/exchange of energy or matter between the system and its surroundings/environment.
Think of a thermos flask (or the cosmos)
Systems Approach
A method of analysis or problem-solving that views a system as a whole, considering the relationships and interactions between its components rather than focusing on individual parts in isolation.
Synergy
The interaction or cooperation of two or more components that produces a combined effect greater than the sum of their individual effects.
Emergent Properties
Characteristics or behaviors that arise from the interaction of simpler components within a system, which cannot be predicted solely by examining the individual parts.
Benefits of using models
allow for the testing of scenarios and predictions without the risks or costs of real-world implementation.
they help communicate complex ideas clearly to stakeholders or decision-makers.
Limitations of using models
they can oversimplify complex systems, potentially overlooking key variables or nuances.
they may rely on assumptions that, if inaccurate, can lead to misleading conclusions.
