1.2 Upper airways anatomy ppt

Question 1

functions of nose ?

Answer 1

• olfaction
• respiration
• filter and humidify
• drain & eliminate paranasal sinus and nasolacrimal duct secretions

Question 2

How much mucus does your nose produce every day ?

Answer 2

1.5 litres (1 to 2 litres)

Question 3

what are choanae ?

Answer 3

the posterior nasal aperture

It is the opening between the nasal cavity and the nasopharynx.

Question 4

External opening of the nasal cavity called ?

Answer 4

nostrils

Question 5

what are the internal openings that connect the nasal cavity to the nasopharynx called ?

Answer 5

choanae

Question 6

what part of the nasal cavity is lined with mucosal lining ?

Answer 6

entire nasal cavity, except for the vestibule, is lined with mucosal lining

Question 7

what is the function of the mucosal lining in the nasal cavity ?

Answer 7

helps to trap dust, pathogens and other particles, humidify and warm the air and facilitate the sense of smell

Question 8

what part of the nasal cavity is not covered by the mucosal lining ?

Answer 8

the vestibule, which is the anterior part of the nasal cavity just inside the nostrils

Question 9

Lateral wall of the nasal cavity consists of ?

Answer 9

• turbinates (conchae)
• meati
• ostia (openings into nasal cavity)

Question 10

Function of the turbinates

Answer 10

• increase surface area - slows air for humidifying and warming
• increase turbulence
• directs air through nose

Question 11

passages ?

Question 12

turbinates removed ?

Question 13

respiratory region of epithelium ?

Question 14

olfactory region epithelium ?

Question 15

what are paranasal sinuses ?

Question 16

which paranasal sinuses drain into the nasal cavity ?

Answer 16

• maxillary
• frontal
• sphenoid
• ethmoid

Question 17

function of paranasal sinuses ?

Answer 17

• may contribute to conditioning of inspired air
• resonance
• reduce weight of skull

Question 18

maxillary sinus drains into ?

Answer 18

middle meatus

Question 19

frontal sinus drains into ?

Answer 19

middle meatus

Question 20

sphenoid sinus drains into ?

Answer 20

spheno-ethmoidal recess

Question 21

the following ethmoids sinus drains into ?
1. anterior
2. middle
3. posterior

Answer 21

1. middle meatus
2. middle meatus
3. superior meatus

Question 22

nasolacrimal duct drains into ?

Answer 22

inferior meatus

Question 23

Functions of larynx ?

Answer 23

• sphincter (like a vallve ??) for LRT
• respiration
• mechanism for producing sound (phonation)
• swallowing
• effort closure

Question 24

larynx 1. suspended from where ? 2. attached to ?

Answer 24

1. hyoid bone
2. trachea below by membranes & ligaments

Question 25

1. mvmt ability of larynx in neck ? 2. therefore what?

Answer 25

1. highly mobile 2. can be moved up and down and forward and backward by the action of extrinsic muscles

Question 26

during swallowing, the upward and forward movements of the larynx facilitate what ?

Answer 26

closing the laryngeal inlet and opening the oesophagus

Question 27

motor and sensory innervation of the larynx ?

Answer 27

vagus nerve CN X

Question 28

1. Type of strucutre of larynx ? 2. what does this structure have ?

Answer 28

1. Hollow musculoligamentous 2. a cartilage framework that caps the lower respiratory tract

Question 29

Regarding anatomy of larynx what is above it ?

Answer 29

superior laryngeal aperture which opens into the laryngopharynx (just inferior to the tongue)

Question 30

regarding anatomy of larynx what is below it ?

Answer 30

continous with trachea

Question 31

anatomical components of larynx: 3 large unpaired cartilages

Answer 31

* cricoid * thyroid * epiglottis

Question 32

anatomical components of larynx: 3 pairs of smaller cartilages

Answer 32

* arytenoid * corniculate * cuneiform

Question 33

anatomical components of larynx: has what membrane and muscles ? [chang question !]

Answer 33

fibroelastic membrane numerous intrinsic muscles

Question 34

1. What do true vocal cords (vocal cord) consist of ? 2. where do they sit ?

Answer 34

1. vocal ligaments and elastic membrane 2. between ligaments and cricoid cartilage

Question 35

1. what are false vocal cords (vestibular fold) not responsible for ? 2. located where ?

Answer 35

1. sound 2. superior and lateral to the true cords

Question 36

blood supply to larynx ?

Answer 36

superior and inferior laryngeal arteries

Question 37

venous drainage of larynx ?

Answer 37

* superior and inferior laryngeal veins * to thryoid veins * IJV (internal jugular vein) and brachiocephalic vein

Question 38

nerves of the larynx ?

Answer 38

2 branches of the vagus nerve * superior & recurrent laryngeal nerves

Question 39

Position of recurrent laryngeal nerve in right & left side ?

Answer 39

* right - under right subclavian artery * left - under aortic arch

Question 40

Recurrent laryngeal nerve runs in what groove ? [change question !]

Answer 40

tracheo-oesophageal groove

Question 41

3 sections pharynx is divided into ?

Answer 41

* nasopharynx * oropharynx * laryngopharynx (hypopharynx)

Question 42

main anatomical structures of pharynx ?

Answer 42

* Adenoids (nasopharynx) * Eustachian tube orifices (nasopharynx) * Tonsils (oropharynx) * Constrictor muscles

Question 43

nasopharynx ...

Question 44

what are waldeyers ring in the nasopharynx?

Answer 44

A collective form a of tonsils in a ringed arrangement

Question 45

oropharynx epithelium ?

Answer 45

stratified squamous epithelium

Question 46

laryngo (hypo) pharynx ...

Question 47

what is the piriform fossa as a recess ?

Answer 47

recess between central larynx and lateral thyroid cartilage

Question 48

what do piriform fossa channel ?

Answer 48

solids/liquids from oral cavity round raised laryngeal inlet into oesophagus

Question 49

3 stages of swallowing ?

Answer 49

* Oral (voluntary) * Pharyngeal (involuntary/reflex) * Oesophageal (involuntary/reflex)

Question 50

during swallowing what happens ?

Answer 50

* Soft palate raised (nasopharynx closed off and eustachian tube opens) * Tongue blocks off mouth * Hyoid bone and larynx raised * Epiglottis down * Vocal cords close * Larynx protected by: Overhanging tongue, Epiglottis, Vocal cords

Question 51

why can you not breathe and swallow at same time ?

Answer 51

airway is closed at 2 sites