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part 2 / 3 boards > General Diagnosis > Flashcards

General Diagnosis Flashcards

1
Q

what are the Health history

A

chief complaint
past health history
personal and social history
review of systems

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2
Q

What is the chief complaint?

A

reason for seeking care
it should be the patients own words

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3
Q

Patients present illness

A

OPQRST

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4
Q

What does OPQRST mean

A

onset
palliative/provoking
quality
radiating/referral
site/setting/severity
timing

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5
Q

on a patient with sudden onset what does it indicate?

A

Neuromuscular diagnosis

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6
Q

on a patient with insidious onset what does it indicate?

A

organ or cancer diagnosis

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7
Q

when asking a patient if what makes it worse or better and patient says nothing make it worse or better

A

think of cancer

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8
Q

when asking a patient if what makes it worse or better and patient says they can find a comfortable position

A

think of NMS diagnosis

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9
Q

when asking a patient if what makes it worse or better and patient says cannot find a comfortable position usually localize the pain

A

think of organ diagnosis

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10
Q

for quality of pain, throbbing

A

vascular

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11
Q

for quality of pain, aching

A

muscle

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12
Q

for quality of pain, burning

A

nerve

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13
Q

for quality of pain, tearing

A

dissecting aneurysms

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14
Q

deep boring pain

A

cancer

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15
Q

for radiating/referral, dermatogenous

A

nerve root

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16
Q

for radiating/referral, facet

A

sclerotagenous

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17
Q

for radiating/referral, flank

A

kidney

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18
Q

for radiating/referral, groin

A

ureter

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19
Q

for radiating/referral, T10-T12

A

pancreas

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20
Q

for radiating/referral, right shoulder and inferior right angle of the right scapula

A

gall bladder

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21
Q

for radiating/referral, left shoulder down arm left jaw

A

heart

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22
Q

for radiating/referral, periumbilical

A

small intestin

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23
Q

for radiating/referral, suprapubic

A

urinary bladder

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24
Q

past health history? what are those

A

ASHIT

allergies
surgery
hospitalization
infection/immunization
trauma

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25
Q

what are the family health history?

A

cancer
cardiovascular
heart dx
stroke
diabetes

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26
Q

what are social personal history

A

martial status
occupation
diet
exercise
bower/urinary problem
sleep
stress
alcohol

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27
Q

what is the CAGE question?

A

indication of alcoholism

C-cutting down thinking of cutting down on drinking
A-annoyed by others criticism of drinking
G- guilty feeling about drinking
E- eye opener, thinking of eye opener drink in morning

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28
Q

Vital signs : temp oral

A

98.6

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29
Q

Vital signs : rectal and tympanic

A

99.6

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30
Q

Vital signs : axilla

A

97.,6

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31
Q

Vital signs : range

A

96-99.5

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32
Q

Normal pulse for :

Adult
elderly
newborn

A

A: 60-100
E : 70-80
N: 120-160

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33
Q

BP: normal for adult

A

90-120/ 60-80

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34
Q

BP: hypertension

A

over 140/90

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35
Q

BP: hypotension

A

under 90/60

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36
Q

subclavian steal syndrome

A

10-15mm hg (bp) difference on the side of decreased bp. example. Right arm is 90/60 and left arm is 120/80. Right arm has subclavian steal syndrome

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37
Q

tests for vertebrobasical artery insufficiency

A

barre-lieu
deklyn’s
hallpike
hauntants
underberg
maigne’s

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38
Q

barre-lieou

A

Patient seated
patient rotate head maximally from side to side

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39
Q

Test for vertibrobasilar artery insufficiency : hautant’s

A

patient seated
arms extend forward to shoulder level with hands supinated
patient close eyes
rotate head to one side and extend

do on both sides

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40
Q

maigne’s

A

patient seated
doctor brings head to extension and rotation

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41
Q

Underberg

A

patient standsing
arms on side and feet together
patient extends arms and supinate and patient extend head and rotate head to one side
patient will march in place

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42
Q

dekleyn’s

A

patient supine
patient rotate and extend head off the table

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43
Q

hallpike

A

enhanced dekleyns

patient supine
patient rotate and extend head off the table and add lateral flexion.

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44
Q

what does scaly eyebrows indicate?

A

seborrhea

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45
Q

what does loss of lateral 1/3 indicates?

A

myxedema / hypothyroidism

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46
Q

Addie’s pupil

Symptom
Cause
Age

A
  • sluggish pupilary reaction to light that is unilateral
  • caused by a parasympatheyic lesion CN3
  • younger than 25
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47
Q

Anisocoria

A
  • unequal pupil size
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48
Q

Argll Robertson

Seen w what
Aka

A
  • bilaterally small and irregular pupils that accomodate but DOES NOT react to light
  • Seen in Syphillis ( 3rd stage)
  • Prostitutes pupil
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49
Q

Arroyo sign

A
  • sluggish pupillary reaction d/t hypo-adrenalism ( addison’s )
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50
Q

Blepharitis

A
  • inflammation of the eyelid seen with seborrhea,staph infection, and inflammatory processes
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51
Q

Cataracts

A
  • opacities seen in the lens that are commonly seen with diabetes and in the elderly
  • absent red light reflex
  • halo light @ night time
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52
Q

Chalazion

A
  • an infection of the meibomian gland
  • causes a nodule inside the lid
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53
Q

Conjunctiva

A
  • pink = normal
  • pale = anemia
  • bright red = infection
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54
Q

Corneal arcus

A
  • grayish opaque ring around the cornea
  • over 40 yo means hypercholesterolemia
  • normal on elderly
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55
Q

Diabetic Retinopathy

A
  • affects the veins more than arteries
  • presents with microaneurysms, hard exudates, and neovascularization
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56
Q

Ectropion

A
  • lid is turned outward
  • common in elderly
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57
Q

Entropion

A
  • lid is turned inward
  • common on elderly
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58
Q

exophthalmosis

A
  • lid lag or failure to cover eyeball
  • can be seen with graves ( hyperthyroidism) or tumor ( unilateral)
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58
Q

exophthalmosis

A
  • lid lag or failure to cover eyeball
  • can be seen with graves ( hyperthyroidism) or tumor ( unilateral)
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59
Q

Glaucoma

A
  • Increased intraocular pressure causing cupping of the optic disc
  • pt will notice blurring of their vision especially in the peripheral fields as well as rings around lights.
  • Crescent sign will be present upon tangential lighting of cornea
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60
Q

Hordoleum

A
  • AKA: sty
  • infection of the sebaceous glands causing pimple or boil on the eyelid
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61
Q

Horner’s syndrome

A
  • Ptosis, miosis, and anhydrosis on the same side as an interruption to the cervical sympathetics
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62
Q

Hypertensive retinopathy

A
  • Damage to the retinal vessels/background will show signs of :
    copper wire deformity,
    silver wire deformity,
    A-V nicking,
    flame hemorrhages
    cotton wool soft exudates
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63
Q

internal ophthalmoplegia

A
  • dilated pupil with ptosis and lateral deviation
  • doesnt react to light or accomodation
  • multiple sclerosis
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64
Q

Iritis

A
  • inflammation of the iris seen with AS
  • colored portion of the eye
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65
Q

Macular degeneration

A
  • most common reason for blindness in elderly
  • central vision lost
  • macular drusen is an early sign of macular degeneration ( yellow deposits under the retina
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66
Q

Miosis

A
  • fixed and constricted pupils that react to light and accomodate
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67
Q

papilladema
Aka
Syptom cause
Seen with what

A
  • AKA choked disc
  • swelling of the optic disc d/t increased intracranial pressure
  • NO visual loss
  • may be seen with a brain tumor or brain hemorrhage
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68
Q

Periorbital edma

A
  • swelling around the eye seen with allergies, myedema, and nephrotic syndrome ( HEP)
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69
Q

Pinquecula

A
  • a yellowish triangular nodue in the bulbar conjunctiva that is harmless and indicates aging
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70
Q

Pterygium

A
  • triangular thickening of the bulbar conjunctiva that grows across the cornea and is brough on by dry eyes
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71
Q

ptosis

A
  • drooping of the eyelid
  • seen with conditions such as horner’s
  • CN 3 paralysis
  • myasthenia gravis
  • multiple screrosis
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71
Q

ptosis

A
  • drooping of the eyelid
  • seen with conditions such as horner’s
  • CN 3 paralysis
  • myasthenia gravis
  • multiple screrosis
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72
Q

retinal detachment

A
  • painless sudden onset of blindness described as curtains closing over vision
  • lightning flashes and floaters are seen prior to vision loss
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73
Q

Sclera

A
  • White = normal
  • yellow = jaunduce
  • blue = osteogenesis imperfecta
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74
Q

xanthelasma

A
  • fatty plaques on the nasal surface of the eyelids that may be normal or indicates hypercholesterolemia
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75
Q

Vision : emmetropia

A

normal vision

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76
Q

Vision : myopia

A

nearsighted

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77
Q

Vision : hyperopia

A

far sighted

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78
Q

Vision : presbyopia

A

loss of lense elasticity d/t aging

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79
Q

What CN nerve for direct light reflex

A

CN 2 and CN 3

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80
Q

What CN nerve consensual light reflex

A

CN 2 and 3

81
Q

What CN nerve swinging light test

A

CN 2 and 3 and eye pathology

82
Q

Accomodation

A

CN 2 and 3

83
Q

Visual acuity

A

snellen chart

84
Q

cardinal fields of gaze

A

3 , 4 ,6

85
Q

What tests for CN 2 and 3 ?

A
  • direct light reflex
  • indirect light reflex
  • swinging light reflex
  • accomodation
86
Q

What does SO4LR6/3 mean

A
  • Superior oblique is CN 4
  • oblique is oposite
  • example : SO means looking middle and down
  • Inferior oblique is lkooking middle and up
87
Q

ACoustic neuroma

Detail
Symptoms
Test

A
  • benign tumor of CN 8
  • hearing loss
  • tinnitus
  • vertigo
  • presense of tumor on CT or MRI
88
Q

Acute mastoditis

A
  • bacetrial infection in the mastoid process.
  • inflammation and palpatory tenderness over mastoid
  • hearing loss is commonly associated
88
Q

Acute mastoditis

A
  • bacetrial infection in the mastoid process.
  • inflammation and palpatory tenderness over mastoid
  • hearing loss is commonly associated
89
Q

acute otitis externa

A
  • infection of outer ear
  • swimming
  • water is contaminated
  • swimmer’s ear
  • pain and inflammation on outer ear
  • tugging on pinna is painful
90
Q

Benign paroxysmal positional vertigo

Symptom
D/t
Test

A
  • brief episode of vertigo
  • d/t change of head position
  • Dix-hallpike maneuver = test
90
Q

Benign paroxysmal positional vertigo
* symptom
Cause
Test

A
  • brief episode of vertigo
  • d/t change of head position
  • Dix-hallpike maneuver = test
91
Q

Eustachian tube block

A
  • retraction of the tympanic membrane
92
Q

Eustachian tube block

A
  • retraction of the tympanic membrane
93
Q

Meniere’s disease

A
  • recurring prostrating vertigo
  • sensory hearing loss
  • tinnitus
  • fullness of ear
94
Q

Presbycussis

A
  • sensorineural hearing loss that occurs as people age
  • can be genetic or acquired
95
Q

Presbycussis

A
  • sensorineural hearing loss that occurs as people age
  • can be genetic or acquired
96
Q

Purulent otitis media

AKA

A
  • AKA: bacterial otitis media
  • bacterial or viral infection in the middle ear ( media)
  • tympanic membrane presents with red appearance, dilated blood vessels, bulging
96
Q

Purulent otitis media

AKA

A
  • AKA: bacterial otitis media
  • bacterial or viral infection in the middle ear ( media)
  • tympanic membrane presents with red appearance, dilated blood vessels, bulging
97
Q

Serous otitis media

Detail
D/t
Symptom

A
  • effusion in the middle ear
  • d/t incomplete resolution of acute otitis media or obstruction of eustachian tube
  • chronic and fuild is amber w/ bubbles
98
Q

Serous otitis media

A
  • effusion in the middle ear
  • d/t incomplete resolution of acute otitis media or obstruction of eustachian tube
  • chronic and fuild is amber w/ bubbles
99
Q

Tinnitus

A
  • ringing in ears
100
Q

Tinnitus

A
  • ringing in ears
101
Q

Vertigo

A
  • rotary movement associated with difficulty in balance, gait and navigation of environment
102
Q

Vertigo

A
  • rotary movement associated with difficulty in balance, gait and navigation of environment
103
Q

Weber test

A
  • should be equal on both side
104
Q

weber and rinne test

A
  • test weber
  • if patient left hearing loss
  • positive weber can only be 2 tings : air conduction on potivie side or nerve damage on other side
  • do rinne test
  • normal rinne: air conduction should be hear 2 times longer than the bone conduction.
  • so if doing rinne test on the weber positive ear. and it is positive rinne test, problem is air conduction on same ear
  • if rinne test is negative on weber positive ear than other ear is positive for nerve damage.
105
Q

allergic rhinitis

A
  • nasal mucosa appears pale or blue and boggy
105
Q

allergic rhinitis

A
  • nasal mucosa appears pale or blue and boggy
106
Q

Atrophic rhinitis

A
  • thinning of the nasal mucosa with sclerosis, curst formation and foul odor
107
Q

Atrophic rhinitis

A
  • thinning of the nasal mucosa with sclerosis, curst formation and foul odor
108
Q

Polyps

A
  • chronic inflammation of nasal mucosa
109
Q

Viral rhinitis

A
  • red and swollen with clear runny nose
110
Q

Viral rhinitis

A
  • red and swollen with clear runny nose
111
Q

Angular stomatitis

AKA

A
  • AKA: cheilosis
  • red sores at corner of the mouth that are referred to as angular cheilitis
  • Vit B2 deficiency (riboflavin)
112
Q

Atrophic glossitis
Deficiency of what

A
  • deficiency of B vitamins ( B12) or iron
  • tongue appears to smooth and glossy
113
Q

Candidiasis

A
  • thick white fungal patches that are easily scraped off
  • yeast or fungus
114
Q

Fissured tongue

AKA

A
  • AKA: scrotal tongue
  • deep furrows on the surface of the tongue that is considered normal variant
115
Q

Leukoplakia

*

A
  • pre cancerous lesion of white patches that are adherent to the surface
  • not easily removed
116
Q

Kaposi sacroma
Cause
Symptom

A
  • caused by herpes 8 virus
  • looks like bruise on hard palate
117
Q

Acromegaly

A
  • excessive production of growth hormones beginning in middle age
  • abnormal growth in hands , feet and facial bones
  • After growth plates are closed
118
Q

Gigantism

A
  • excessive production of growth hormones
  • before growth plates are closed, so they keep growing unlike acromegally
119
Q

Hyperthyroidism

what are the characteristics compared to hypo, there are 7
Weight
Attitude
Heat/cold
Hair
Eyes
Neck
Tsh t3t4

A
  • most common cause is grave’s dx, autoimmune dx
  • weight loss with increased appetite
  • irritable and nervous
  • intolerance to heat
  • moist and fine hair
  • exophthalmos
  • possible neck swelling d/t goiter
  • Increased T3, T4 and decreased TSH
120
Q

Hypothyroidism

A
  • AKA: myxedema
  • hashimoto is mcc in the US
  • cretinism is congenital cause
  • Weight gain with decreased apetite
  • depression,weakness, and fatigue
  • intolerance to cold
  • corase , dry hair and skin
  • macroglossie, loss of lateral 1/3 of eyebrows
  • Decreased Triiodothyonin, and Thyroxine, increased thyoid stimulating hormone
121
Q

Common migraine

Aka
| * age :
* site :
* characteristics :
* provocative :
* follow up :

A

AKA: vascular
* age : childhood and early adulthood
* site : unilateral or bilateral
* characteristics : photophobia
: throbbing
: worse behind 1 yye
: nausea
: vomitting
: decreasing with age
: pregnancy
* provocative : Bright light
: chocolate
: cheese
: tension
: red wine
: Menstrial cycle
: tension
: loud sound
* follow up : Adjust
: diet log
: avoid provokers
:

122
Q

Classic migraine

* Age
* site :
* characteristics :
* provocative :
* follow up :

A
  • age : childhood and early adulthood, females
  • site : unilateral
  • characteristics : photophobia
    : throbbing
    : worse behind 1 yye
    : nausea
    : vomitting
    : decreasing with age
    : pregnancy
  • provocative : Bright light
    : chocolate
    : cheese
    : tension
    : red wine
    : Menstrial cycle
    : tension
    : loud sound
  • follow up :
123
Q

Hypertension

* Age
* site :
* characteristics :
* follow up :

A
  • Age : adult
  • site : occipital
    : Vertex
  • characteristics : throbbing
    : Wake up w/ headache
  • follow up : BP , lipid profile
124
Q

Cluster AKA autonomic

* Age :
* site :
* characteristics :
* provocative :
* follow up :

A
  • Age : adolescent to adults
  • site : unilateral
    : orbital
    : temporal
  • characteristics : Wake up at night w/ headache
    : rhinorrhea
    : Lacrimation
    : Facial sweating
    : red eye
    : miosis
    : not aggrevated by exertion
  • provocative : alchohol
    : in culsters
    : allergy and changes w/ pressure
  • follow up : adjust, educate, avoid alcohol,
125
Q

Mascular tension

* Age :
* site :
* characteristics :
* provocative :
* follow up :

A
  • Age : any age
  • site : band - like
  • characteristics : pressure, muscle tightness
  • provocative : fatigue, tension, stress, work
  • follow up : adj, myofascial release stress reduction, alcohol make it better
126
Q

Not a chiro case

temporalis arteritis

* Age :
* site :
* characteristics :
* provocative :
* follow up :

A
  • Age : over 50
  • site : unilateral , temporal, proximal muscle pain and stiff
  • characteristics : presistent burning, aching, throbbing, polymyalgia, rheumatica,
  • provocative : scalp sensitive, tender arteries
  • follow up : ER
127
Q

Cervicogenic headache

  • aka
    | * Age :
  • site :
  • characteristics :
  • provocative :
  • follow up :
A
  • AKA: vertebrogenic
  • Age : adult
  • site : occipital , upper cervical
  • characteristics : daily, decrease ROM in upper cervical and occiput, pain in neck referred to head
  • provocative : head movement
  • follow up : flexion , extension , x-ray , adjust, myofasical release
128
Q

sinus

* Age :
* site :
* characteristics :
* provocative :
* follow up :

A
  • Age : any
  • site : localized and changes with body position.
  • characteristics : steady throb, local tenderness, worse in the morning
  • provocative : chronic sinusitis
  • follow up :adjust, co-manage PCP
129
Q

Artery , not chiro case

subarachnoid hermorrage

* Age :
* site :
* characteristics :
* provocative :
* follow up :

A
  • Age : any age
  • site : basilar area
  • characteristics : abrupt onset, constant, stiff neck, excruciating pain like never before experienced
  • provocative : hypertension, stress
  • follow up : ER, mri , ct
130
Q

not a chiro case, vein

subdural hematoma

  • Age :
  • characteristics :
  • provocative :
  • follow up :
A
  • Age : any age
  • characteristics : slow bleed following a trauma, post injury
  • provocative : trauma
  • follow up : ER
131
Q

not chiro case

brain tumor

* Age :
* site :
* characteristics :
* provocative :
* follow up :

A
  • Age : any age
  • site : any place and changes with body position
  • characteristics : onset morning and evening, mild to severe, throbbing, progressively worse
  • provocative : tumor growth
  • follow up : Neurosurgeon
132
Q

not a chiro case

meningeal irritation

  • Age :
  • site :
  • characteristics :
  • provocative :
A
  • Age : any age
  • site : neck
  • characteristics : intense, deep pain, never experienced before, stiff neck
  • provocative : worse in flexion
133
Q

hypoglycemic

  • site :
  • provocative :
  • follow up :
A
  • site : generalized
  • provocative : skipping meals
  • follow up : FBS
134
Q

not chiro case

post concussive

  • Age :
  • site :
  • characteristics :
  • provocative :
  • follow up :
A
  • Age : any age
  • site : localized general pain
  • characteristics : loss of memory visual disturbance
  • provocative : fall , MVA, whiplash injury, trauma
  • follow up : neuro, ER
135
Q

Thorax and lungs

Barrel chest

A
  • Lateral diamiter is 1 to 1 ratio
  • seen with COPD and cystic fibrosis , asthma, emphysema, chronic bronchitis
136
Q

Thorax and lungs

Pectus excavatum

AKA
Associated w whar

A
  • AKA: funnel chest
  • Depression in the sternum
  • associated w/ mitral prolapse, marfan syndrome
137
Q

Thorax and lungs

Pectus carinatum

AKA

*

A
  • AKA: pigeon chest
  • forward protrusion of the sternum
138
Q

tachypnea

A
  • rapid, shallow breathing
139
Q

Bradypnea

A
  • slow breathing
140
Q

Biot’s breathing

A

quick shallow inspiration followed by irregular periods of apnea ( no pattern)

141
Q

Cheyne stokes respiration

Detail

A
  • alternating periods of apnea and hypernea ( w/ pattern)
  • Respiration acidosis
  • COPD
142
Q

Kussmaul’s

A
  • rapid and shallow but as metabolic acidosis worsen breathing becomes deep, slow, labored, and gasping
  • air hunger breathing
143
Q

Pitted

A
  • unguinal indentation
  • seen w/ psoriasis
144
Q

Splinter hemorrage
What organism

A
  • subacute bacteral endocarditis
  • strep organism
145
Q

Splinter hemorrage

Detail
Type bacteria

A
  • subacute bacteral endocarditis
  • strep organism
146
Q

Beau’s lines

A
  • transverse ridging associated w/ acute severe disease
147
Q

Clubbing

A
  • Angle greater than 180
  • hypoxia early
  • COPD late
148
Q

Koilonychia

A
  • spoon nail, iron deficiency anemia
149
Q

Respiratory excursion

A
  • place hands over the posterior ribs
  • have patient take deep breathes
150
Q

Tactile fermitus

A
  • Sounds is louder w/ solid things ( like tumor, water etc)
  • Have patient say 99
  • doctor feels the vibration
151
Q

In Tactile fermitus, what does fluid indicate?

A
  • Increased vibration
  • pneumonia
152
Q

In Tactile fermitus, what does air indicate?

A
  • decreased vibration
  • emphysema, pneumothorax
153
Q

In Tactile fermitus, what does sound barrier indicate

A
  • decreased vibration
  • atelectasis
  • pleurisy
154
Q

Percussion

A
  • 2 finger on top of 2 fingers
155
Q

In percussion, what does resonate mean

A
  • normal over ling tissue
156
Q

In percussion, what does hyperresonant mean

A
  • incerased air in the chest
  • Emphysema, pneumothorax
  • sounds metallic
157
Q

In percussion, what does dull indicate

A
  • increased density
  • pneumonia
  • atelectasis
158
Q

Diaphramatic excursion

A
  • find superior and inferior of diaphram
  • 2 inchest is normal
159
Q

Breath sounds location:

A
  • over trachea
160
Q

Breath sounds location: bronchial

A
  • over manubrium
161
Q

Breath sounds location: bronchovesicular

A
  • between the 1st and 2nd ribs anterior beteween scapula posteriorly
162
Q

Breath sounds location: vesicular

A
  • remaning lung field
163
Q

Abnormal breath sounds: Rales

Sound
Detail
Type
Dx

A
  • small clicking, bubbling, rattling souund
  • occurs when air opens closed air spaces
  • mosit dry fine and corase
  • bronchitis
164
Q

Abnormal breath sounds: rhonchi

A
  • snoring
  • air is blocked or becomes rough through the large airways
  • bronchiectasis
165
Q

Abnormal breath sounds: wheezes

A
  • high pitched sounds produced by narrowed airways
  • heard on exhalation
  • asthma, emphysema
166
Q

Abnormal breath sounds: Stridor

Sound
D/t

A
  • Wheeze - like sound heard on inspiration
  • d/t blockage of airflow
167
Q

VOcal resonance : bronchophony

A
  • when partient says 99, and sounds clear
  • consolidation present
168
Q

Egophony

A
  • when patient says “eeeee” your hear aaaa
  • consolidation is present
169
Q

whispered pectoriloquy

A
  • when patients says 1,2,3 and hear clearly and distinctly,
  • consolidation present
170
Q

Asthma

* percussion
* fremitus
* breath sound

A
  • percussion : Resonant
  • fremitus : D
  • breath sound : wheezing
171
Q

Atelectasis

* percussion :
* fremitus :
* breath sound :

A
  • percussion : dull/fat
  • fremitus : D
  • breath sound : Absent
172
Q

Bronchiectasis

* percussion :
* fremitus :
* breath sound :

A
  • percussion : resonant
  • fremitus : normal
  • breath sound : rhonchi
173
Q

Bronchitis

* percussion :
* fremitus :
* breath sound :

A
  • percussion : resonant
  • fremitus : normal
  • breath sound : rales
174
Q

Emphysema

* percussion :
* fremitus :
* breath sound :

A
  • percussion : hyperresonant
  • fremitus : D
  • breath sound : wheezing
175
Q

Pleurisy

* percussion :
* fremitus :
* breath sound :

A
  • percussion : Dull
  • fremitus : D
  • breath sound : Crackles ( friction rub)
176
Q

Pneumothorax

* percussion :
* fremitus :
* breath sound :

A
  • percussion : hyperresonant
  • fremitus : decreased
  • breath sound : decreased
177
Q

Pneumonia

* percussion :
* fremitus :
* breath sound :

A
  • percussion : dull
  • fremitus : Increased
  • breath sound : egophony, bronchophony, whispered pectoriqloqy, crackes
178
Q

Lobar Pneumonia

  • detail :
  • Symptom :
  • Test :
  • :Management
A
  • Detail : consolidation of the lung
  • Symptom : rusty brown sputum, productive cough for 10 days and fever
  • Test : silhouete sign, air bronchogram
    : percurssion : dull, Rales, increased fermitus
  • management: Refer
179
Q

Friedlander’s pneumonia

  • detail :
  • Symptom :
  • Cause :
A
  • Detail : seen in older people and immune compromised.
  • Symptom : red jelly sputum ,
  • Cause : klebsiella pneumonia
180
Q

Pneumocystis carinii

  • detail :
  • Cause :
A
  • Detail : seen with aids patients
  • Cause : yeast / fungus
181
Q

Cytomegalovirus

  • detail :
  • Cause :
A
  • Detail : seen w/ aids patients
  • Cause : CMV
182
Q

Tubercolosis

  • Symptom :
  • Cause :
  • Test :
  • X-ray :
  • Management:
A
  • Symptom : yellow/green sputum. low grade fever, night sweats, productive cough
  • Cause : mycobacterium tubercolosis
  • Test : tine test/ mantoux test, purified protein derivative
  • X-ray : small white lesions called ghon lesion
  • Management : not chiro case
183
Q

Pleurism

  • detail :
  • Symptom :
  • Test :
  • Management :
A
  • detail : inflammation of pleura, produce exudative pleural effusion,
  • Symptom : stabbing chest pain, worse by inspiration, dry non productive cough
  • Test : schepelman’s test
    : decreased = tactile fermitus, respiration excursion, dull on percussion and friction rub
  • Management: not chiro case
183
Q

Pneumothorax

  • detail :
  • Test :
  • management:
A
  • detail : ruptred lung causing air to be trapped in pleural space, can occur in young healthy people
    : tracheal deviation away from pneumothorax d/t larger lung
  • Test : decreased chest expansion, decreased tactile fermitus, hyperresonant , decrease breath sounds
  • management: ER , O2
184
Q

Atelectasis

  • detail :
  • Cause :
  • Test :
  • management:
A
  • detail : tracheal deviation towards atelectasis d/t collapse lung
  • Cause : mucus plug
  • Test : decreasedd tactile fermitus, dull on percussion, decrease chest expansion , decrease or absent breath sounds
  • management: not a chiro case, send ER
185
Q

Bronchiectasis

  • detail :
  • Symptom :
  • Test :
A
  • detail : irreversible focal bronchial dilation,
  • Symptom : chronic productive cough
  • Test : CT
186
Q

What are the COPD

A
  • Cystic fibrosis
  • asthma
  • emphysema
  • chronic bronchitis
187
Q

Chronic bronchitis

  • Symptom :
  • Cause :
  • Test :
A
  • Symptom : long term cough w/ mucus, shortness of breath
  • Cause : cigereth smoking, long exposure to chemicals, fumes , dust, and other substances
  • Test : wheezing
188
Q

Asthma

  • detail :
  • Symptom :
  • Test :
A
  • detail : bronchospasm ,
    : Type 1 hypersitivity
    : eosinophils, IGE
  • Symptom : tachycardio, tachypnea,
  • Test : decreased tactile fermitus, wheezing
    Labs: curshmann’s spirals, charcod ladan crystals ( both from IGE) ( needed to diagnose )
189
Q

Emphysema

  • detail :
  • Cause :
  • Test :
A
  • detail : destruction of elastic pulmonary connective tissue that sults in permanent dilation of alveoli air
  • Cause : deficieny of alpha 1 anti trypsin
  • Test : decreased tactile fermitus, hyper resonant, decrease breath sounds. wheezing
    :
190
Q

Bronchogenic cancinoma

  • detail :
  • Symptom :
  • Cause :
  • management:
A
  • detail : primary malignant lung tumor
    : started in bronchus area
  • Symptom : non productive cough for 30 days. no fever, dyspnea, and weight los
  • Cause : long term smoking 20-30 years
  • management: oncologist, biopsy, CT
191
Q

Costochondritis
* detail :
* Symptom :
* Cause :

A
  • detail : inflammation of the cartilage connection between the ribs and sternum
  • Symptom : worse on exercise , pain is worse when deep breath, palpable tenderness on 3, 4 , 5 constostartnal artciculation
  • Cause : physical activity
    :
192
Q

Tietze syndrome

A

when one articulation is affected

193
Q

Herpes zoster
* detail :
* Symptom :
* Cause :

A
  • detail : shingles
  • Symptom : rash on dematome ( one nerve)
  • Cause : CN 5 lesion
    :
194
Q

Sarcoidosis
* detail :
* Symptom :
* X-ray :

A
  • detail : abnormal collection of inflammatory cells for nodules
  • Symptom : nodules appear in lungs or lymph nodes
    : common on african descent in US
  • X-ray : bilateral hilar lymphadenopathy, angel wing appearance
195
Q

Hodgkin
* detail :
* Symptom :
* Test :

A
  • detail : cancer of lymphatic that can spread to spleen
    : common on white males
  • Symptom : fever , night sweat, weight loss, intense pruritis ( relaase of IGE, larghe spleen,
  • Test : biopsy, stern berge cells
196
Q

Cystic fibrosis
* detail :
* Symptom :
* Cause :
* Test :

A
  • detail : Barrel chest, chronic, progressive, fatal genetic disease of the body’s mucus glands.
    : glands produce or secrete sweat and mucus
    : Thick acculmulation of mucus in the intesting andlungs
  • Symptom : lost of salt in body.
  • Cause : meconium ileus
  • Test : sweat test

part 2 / 3 boards (7 decks)

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