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Anatomy 215 > L5: The Nervous System: General Organization and Histology > Flashcards

L5: The Nervous System: General Organization and Histology Flashcards

1
Q

What makes up the CNS

A

The brain and spinal cord

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2
Q

What makes up the PNS?

A

The cranial and spinal nerves

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3
Q

What are the two subdivisions of the PNS?

A

Sensory (afferent) division
Motor (efferent) division

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4
Q

What does the sensory (afferent) division do?

A
  • Convey impulses to the CNS
  • All sensory information coming in
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5
Q

What does the motor (efferent) division do?

A
  • Takes info from the CNS to the motor/effector organs
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6
Q

What are the two divisions of the motor/efferent division?

A

Somatic nervous system
Autonomic nervous system (ANS)

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7
Q

What does the somatic nervous system do?

A
  • The “voluntary” nervous system
  • Conducts impulses from the CNS to skeletal muscles
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8
Q

What does the autonomic nervous system do?

A
  • the “involuntary” nervous system
  • Regulates motor fibres in smooth muscles, cardiac muscles, glands
    Has two subdivisions
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9
Q

What part(s) of a neuron are considered cytoplasmic processes

A

Dendrites
Axons

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10
Q

What is the function of a dendrite

A
  • To convey incoming messages to the cell body
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11
Q

What is the function of an axon

A
  • To generate a nerve impulse and transmits info/the impulse away from the cell body
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12
Q

What is a cluster of neuronal cell bodies in the CNS called?

A

nucleus

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13
Q

What is a cluster of neuronal cell bodies in the PNS called

A

Ganglia

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14
Q

What is a nissl body/ nissl substance?

A
  • Clusters of rough ER on a neuron’s cell body
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15
Q

What is an axon hillock?

A

The cone shaped region where the axon extends off from the cell body

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16
Q

What are unipolar neurons?

A
  • Has a single cytoplasmic process
  • True unipolar neurons are only found in invertebrates
  • We have pseudounipolar neurons
  • Cell bodies are found in ganglia within PNS
  • Ex. Sensory neurons
17
Q

What are bipolar neurons?

A
  • Has two cytoplasmic processes
  • Found in special sense organs (eye/ear)
18
Q

What are multipolar neurons?

A
  • Have 3+ cytoplasmic processes
  • Most common type of neuron in CNS
19
Q

What do sensory “afferent” neurons do and what are their structure?

A

They carry info towards the CNS
They are pseudo-uni polar with cell bodies located in ganglia of PNS

20
Q

What do motor “efferent” neurons do and what are their structure?

A

They carry info away from the CNS
Multipolar with cell bodies in CNS

21
Q

What do association/interneurons do and what are their structure

A
  • Located between sensory and motor neurons
  • Multipolar and found within CNS
22
Q

What are astrocytes?

A
  • Small star shaped glial cells with many cytoplasmic extensions
  • Most abundant supporting cell
  • Functions in maintaining the integrity of neural tissue
23
Q

What are microglia?

A
  • Small oval shaped supporting cells with cellular processes
  • Accounts for small portion of glial cells in CNS
  • Monitors health and welfare of the neurons
  • Originate from white blood cells and “clean up garbage” like microphages in CT
24
Q

What are ependymal cells

A
  • Cuboidal shaped glial cells
  • Have cilia
  • Line cavities found in brain and spinal cord
  • Play important role in production and circulation of cerebral spinal fluid
25
Q

What are ogliodendrocytes?

A

Glial cells that wrap around nerve fibers in CNS
- Make up myelin sheaths
- Relatively large
- Looks like an octopus
- Has lots of “tentacles” that can wrap around a short segment of 60 axons

26
Q

What are the two supporting cells in the PNS

A

1) Schwann cells
2) Satellite cells

27
Q

What do Schwann cells do?

A
  • Surround and form myelin sheath around nerve fibres in PNS
28
Q

What do Satellite cells do?

A
  • Surround neuronal cell bodies with ganglia
  • Plays a role in controlling the chemical environment of the neuron
  • Modified Shwann cells

Anatomy 215 (15 decks)

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