Melanie Klein

Question 1

built on careful observations of young children.

Answer 1

object relations theory

Question 2

\psychic representations of unconscious id instincts. Infants at birth already possesses a fantasy about life, they already have their unconscious images of “good” and “bad”.

Answer 2

phantasies (fantasies)

Question 3

where it is exerted and applied.

Answer 3

objects

Question 4

ways of dealing with both internal and external objects.

Answer 4

positions

Question 5

a way of organizing experiences that includes both paranoid feelings of being persecuted and a splitting of internal and external objects into the good and the bad.

Answer 5

paranoid - schizoid positions

Question 6

The feelings of anxiety over losing a loved object coupled with a sense of guilt for wanting to destroy that object

Answer 6

depressive positions

Question 7

to protect their ego against the anxiety aroused by their own destructive fantasies

Answer 7

psychic defense mechanism

Question 8

infants fantasize taking into their body those perception and experience that they had with external object.

Answer 8

introjection

Question 9

the fantasy that one’s own feelings and impulses actually reside in another person and not within one’s body.

Answer 9

projection

Question 10

infants develop a picture of both the “good me” and the “bad me” that enables them to deal with both pleasurable and destructive impulses toward external objects.

Answer 10

splitting

Question 11

infants split of an acceptable parts of themselves, project them onto an another object and finally introject them back into themselves

Answer 11

projective identification

Question 12

person takes in aspects of the external world and then organizes those introjections into a psychologically meaningful framework.

Answer 12

internalizations

Question 13

mostly unorganized at birth; begins to evolve with the infant’s first experience with feeding.

Answer 13

ego

Question 14

extreme violence is a reaction to the ego’s aggressive self-defense against its own destructive tendencies.

Answer 14

superego

Question 15

children’s fear of relation from their parents for their fantasy of emptying the parent’s body

Answer 15

oedipus complex

Question 16

begins during the first month of life a little girl sees her mother’s breast as both good and bad

Answer 16

female oedipal development

Question 17

At this moment the little boy is in his feminine position that is, he adopts a passive homosexual attitude toward his father and heterosexual relationship with his mother.

Answer 17

male oedipal development

Question 18

She was primarily concerned with psychological birth of the individual that takes place during the first 3 years

Answer 18

Margaret Mahler’s View

Question 19

To achieve psychological birth and individuation a child proceed to series of three major developmental stage and for substage:

Answer 19

normal autism
normal symbiosis
separation - individuation

Question 20

a period of absolute primary narcissism in which an infant is unaware of any other person.

Answer 20

normal autism

Question 21

infants gradually realize that they can’t satisfy their own needs they begin to recognize their primary caregiver and to seek a symbiotic relationship with her.

Answer 21

normal symbiosis

Question 22

children became psychologically separated from their mothers, achieve a sense of individuation, and begin to develop feeling of personal identity.

Answer 22

separation - individuation

Question 23

marked by a bodily breaking away from the mother - infants symbiotic orbit.

Answer 23

differentiation

Question 24

during this children easily distinguish their body from their mother’s. They establish a specific bond with their mother and begin to develop an autonomous ego.

Answer 24

practicing

Question 25

desire to bring their mother and themselves back together

Answer 25

rapprochement

Question 26

during this time children must develop a constant inner representation of their mother so that they can tolerate being physically separate from her.

Answer 26

libidinal object constancy

Question 27

infants required adult caregivers not only to gratify physical needs but also to satisfy basic psychological needs.

Answer 27

Heinz Kohut’s View

Question 28

2 basic narcissistic needs:

Answer 28

grandiose exhibitionistic / idealized parent image

Question 29

“If others see me as perfect, then I am perfect.”

Answer 29

grandiose exhibitionistic

Question 30

“You are perfect, but I am part of you.”

Answer 30

idealized parent image

Question 31

both human and primate infants go through a clear sequence of reactions when separated from their primary caregivers.

Answer 31

John Bowlby’s Attachment Theory

Question 32

3 stages of separation anxiety

Answer 32

protest
despair
detachment

Question 33

when their caregiver is first out of sight, infants will cry, resist soothing by other people, and search for their caregiver.

Answer 33

protest stage

Question 34

As separation continues, infants become quiet, sad, passive, listless, and apathetic.

Answer 34

despair stage

Question 35

During this stage, infants become emotionally detached from other people, including their caregiver. If their caregiver (mother) returns, infants will disregard and avoid her.

Answer 35

detachment stage

Question 36

developed a technique for measuring the type of attachment style that exist between caregiver and infants known the strange situation.

Answer 36

Mary Ainsworth and the Strange Situation

Question 37

There are 3 attachment style rating:

Answer 37

secure attachment
anxious - resistant attachment style
anxious - avoidant style

Question 38

when their mother returns, infants are happy and enthusiastic and initiate contact

Answer 38

secure attachment

Question 39

infants are ambivalent anxious

Answer 39

anxious - resistant attachment style

Question 40

infants are stay calm when their mother leaves, they accept the stranger and when their mother returns, they ignore and avoid her.

Answer 40

anxious - avoidant style

Question 41

it is a way that young children express their conscious and unconscious wishes

Answer 41

play therapy

Question 41

it is a way that young children express their conscious and unconscious wishes

Answer 41

play therapy