B9

Question 1

Respiration is

Answer 1

The process of transferring energy from glucose, which goes on in every cell,

Question 2

The energy transferred from respiration

Answer 2

Supplies all energy needed for living processes

Question 3

Respiration is exo or endo thermic

Answer 3

Exothermic- transfers energy to the environment

Question 4

Give three reasons why organisms need the energy transferred from respiration:

Answer 4

• to build up larger molecules from smaller ones
• used to allow muscles to contract (in animals)
• used to keep their body temperature steady in colder surroundings (birds and mammals)

Question 5

What is metabolism

Answer 5

The sum of all the reactions in a cell or the body

Question 6

The energy transferred by respiration in cells is used by the organism for?

Answer 6

The continual enzyme controlled processes of metabolism thay synthesise new molecules

Question 7

Metabolism includes

Answer 7

• conversion of glucose to starch, glycogen and cellulose
• the formation of lipid molecules from a molecule of glycerol and three molecules of fatty acids
• the use of glucose and nitrate ions go form amino acids which in turn are used to synthesise proteins
• respiration
• breakdown of excess proteins to form urea for excretion

Question 8

Aerobic respiration is

Answer 8

Respiration using oxygen

Question 9

Word equation for aerobic respiration

Answer 9

Glucose + oxygen ——— carbon dioxide + water

Question 10

Symbol equation for Aerobic respiration:

Answer 10

C6H12O6 + 6O2 ——- 6CO2 + 6H2O

Question 11

Anaerobic respiration is

Answer 11

Without oxygen (its the incomplete breakdown of glucose, making lactic acid.

Question 12

Anaerobic respiration word equation

Answer 12

Glucose ——— lactic acid

Question 13

Explain why less energy is transferred in anaerobic respiration

Answer 13

As the oxidation of glucose is incomplete in anaerobic respiration much less energy is transferred than in aerobic respiration.

Question 14

Anaerobic respiration in plant and yeast cells is represented by the equation:

Answer 14

Glucose ——— ethanol + carbon dioxide

Question 15

Anaerobic respiration in yeast cells is called

Answer 15

Fermentation

Question 16

yeast has economic importance in the manufacture of

Answer 16

bread and alcoholic drinks.

Question 17

When you exercise, some of your muscles contract more frequently thsn normal so you need more energy. Where does this energu come from

Answer 17

Increased respiration

Question 18

Your breathing rate and breath volume increases to… and your heart rate increases to…

Answer 18

Get more oxygen into the blood, and your heart rate increases to get this oxygenated blood around the body faster to muscles. This removes C02 more quickly at the same time

Question 19

What happens if your body can’t supply oxygen to your body cells quickly enough….

Answer 19

They start respiring anaerobically which is not the best way to transfer energy from glucose because lactic acid builds up in muscles, which gets painful.

Question 20

Long periods of exercise also cause muscle fatigue

Answer 20

The muscles get tired snd then stop contrscting efficiently

Question 21

What is an oxygen debt

Answer 21

Blood flowing through the muscles transports the lactic acid to the liver where it is converted back into glucose. Oxygen debt is the amount of extra oxygen the body needs after exercise to react with the accumulated lactic acid and remove it from the cells.

Question 22

Why do you have to keep breathing heavily after you stop

Answer 22

Because you have to repay the oxygen that you did not get to your muscles in time

Question 23

The blood that enters your muscles transports _________ to the _______. In the liver, the lactic acid is _________ back to _________.

Answer 23

Lactic acid, liver, converted, glucose.