Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

PT 632 Motor Control > Intro to Motor Function > Flashcards

Intro to Motor Function Flashcards

1
Q

what are the 3 parts that make up motor function

A

motor control, motor development, motor learning

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

field of study in movement science associated with changes in motor behavior as result of growth, maturation, experience; both a process and a product

A

motor development

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

nature of mover + nature of environment

A

motor development

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

the ability to regulate or direct mechanisms essential to movement

A

motor control

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

motor control is the dynamic interaction between what three things

A

individual, environment, and task

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

what are the 3 factors within the individual that influence motor control

A

perception, cognition, action

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

perception includes peripheral and higher cortical sensory processing to develop a motor plan based on what two types of information

A

feedforward and feedback

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

integration of sensory impressions into psychologically meaningful information

A

perception

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

the sending of signals in advance of movement to prepare/anticipate changes in movement

A

feedforward

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

______ involvement adds interpretation and meaning to perception

A

higher level

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

is the response produced information that occurs after the movement used to correct or monitor output

A

feedback

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

an unpleasant sensory and emotional experience associated with actual or potential tissue damage or described in terms of such damage

A

pain

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

educating pt on what is and not what pain does can change someones perception of pain

A

pain science

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

the act of knowing

A

cognition

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

what does cognition incorporate

A

awareness, reasoning, judgement, intuition, memory

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

essential to movement because is provides motivation, problem solving, attention to task and emotions associated with movement

A

intention

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

implementation of the motor program by the UMN/LMN system and is usually studies in relation to a specific activity (walking, running, talking, dressing, stacking blocks, driving a car)

A

action

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

nature of the _____ being performed determines what type of movement is needed

A

task

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

The process of analyzing a specific skill to identify the abilities that underlie the performance of the skill; used to solve motor problems

A

task analysis

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
20
Q

what must adapt the motor plan for task-specific movements based on regulatory vs non-regulatory factors in the environment

A

CNS

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
21
Q

the process of analyzing a specific skill to identify the abilities that underlie the performance of skill and used to solve motor problems

A

task analysis (gentile’s taxonomy for task classification)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
22
Q

what are the 3 systemic processes a task analysis looks at

A

learner ability, task requirements, environmental influences

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
23
Q

what are the 4 categories in which tasks are put into during Gentile’s taxonomy

A

stability, mobility, closed predictable environment, open predictable environment

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
24
Q

temporal model of task analysis outlines temporal sequencing of a task into 5 stages, what are they

A

initial condition, preparation, initiation of movement, execution of movement, termination of movement

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
25
Q

what allows a PT to determine the presence of deficits in motor control and also determine possible underlying causes

A

task analysis

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
26
Q

a set of internal processes associated with PRACTICE or EXPERIENCE leading to relatively permanent changes in the capability for skilled behavior

A

motor learning

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
27
Q

what is critical for motor learning

A

feedback

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
28
Q

error detection or confirmation from the mover’s sensory system (sensory feedback from within the body)

A

intrinsic feedback

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
29
Q

augmented feedback provided by the PT/coach (feedback from outside the body)

A

extrinsic feedback

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
30
Q

what are the 4 components of motor learning

A
  • a process of acquiring capability to produce a skilled action
  • results from experience or practice
  • inferred by behavior - cannot be directly measured
  • produces permanent changes in motor behavior
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
31
Q

is a temporary change in motor behavior seen in practice sessions

A

performance

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
32
Q

ability to perform the skill over time and after a period of no practice

A

retention

33
Q

ability to apply the skill to the learning of other similar tasks

A

generalizability of the skill

34
Q

ability to perform a motor tasks in altered situations

A

resistance to contextual change

35
Q

what are the 3 ways of knowing if motor learning occurred

A

retention, generalizability of the skill, resistance to contextual change

36
Q

what are the 3 stages of motor learning

A

cognitive, associative, autonomous

37
Q

Person has to think or concentrate on the movement - high degree of cognitive activity
Consciously considering all strategies to accomplish movement
May even have to talk their way through the motion
Movements are typically stiff, inefficient, slow, non-fluid
May hesitate or not finish the movement
Have lots of errors in the movement
Trial and error needed

A

cognitive stage

38
Q

Best strategy for the task has been determined - no longer having to concentrate on the specifics of the movement
Using practice to refine the skill by making subtle adjustments
Addressing environmental demands of the movement
Less variability in performance in this stage

A

associative stage

39
Q

Requires very low amount of attention to the task
Skill is mostly automatic
Able to scan environment or perform two tasks at the same time
Paying too much attention in this stage might actually cause the motion to degrade

A

autonomous stage

40
Q

number of planes of motion possible at a single joint

A

DOF

41
Q

what are the 3 stages of motor learning by mastery of DOF

A

novice, advanced, expert

42
Q

fixing-learner co-activates muscles around a joint in order to allow another joint to move freely until the task is mastered

A

novice stage

43
Q

learner allows more joints to participate in the movement - less stiffness observed, more fluid, fewer errors, more efficient

A

advanced stage

44
Q

learner allows all DOF that are possible in a movement
Movement is efficient, learner able to adapt to speed, quality and coordination of movement

A

expert stage

45
Q

happens at cellular, tissue and organ levels within milliseconds

A

motor control

46
Q

happens over a period of hours, days and weeks with feedback and practice

A

motor learning

47
Q

happens over an individuals lifespan

A

motor development

48
Q

a PT uses a full length mirror to provide feedback to a pt working on chin tucks exercises; this is an example of augmented (external) feedback T/F

A

T

49
Q

a PT is working with a pt teaching a quad set exercise; the pt accurately demonstrates exercise prior to leaving clinic to go home; this would indicate pt has motor learned the activity T/F

A

F

50
Q

what are the early theories of motor control

A

reflex theory, hierarchial theory, neuromaturational theory

51
Q

what are the contemporary theories of motor control

A

central pattern generators, bernstein’s circular loop theory, dynamic systems theory

52
Q

bottom up process (closed loop) where information comes in from sensory system as a stimulus and then produces a response

A

sherrington’s reflex theory

53
Q

motor behavior occurs in one way, top down approach in which motor control emerges from reflexes that are nested in the hierarchy of CNS

A

hughlings jackson’s hierarchical model of organization

54
Q

DTRs/flexor withdrawal

A

spinal cord

55
Q

tonic reflexes - changes in posture and muscle tone

A

brain stem

56
Q

righting and equilibrium reflexes

A

midbrain and cortex

57
Q

what are the 3 levels of CNS control that can override reflexes in hierarchical model

A
  • upper level: association cortex (least automatic and driving by one’s will and makes commands)
  • middle level: sensorimotor cerebral cortex (passes command on)
  • lower level: brainstem and spinal cord (carries out the action)
58
Q

normal motor development occurs as CNS develops and matures (myelinates)

A

neuromaturational theory

59
Q

in any given motor task a wide variety of neuromuscular movements may be combined in infinite ways in varying DOF

A

bernstein’s DOF problem

60
Q

proposed that the will to do a given motor behavior sets off a dynamic process

A

bernstein’s circular loop hypothesis

61
Q

movement is not based on a set pattern, but rather movement occurs as a closed loop process

A

berntein’s circular loop hypothesis

62
Q

the functional unit of motor behavior believed by Bernstein

A

syngergies

63
Q

DOF in any motor task are controlled by _____ coupling of muscle functions and joint motions into task specific functional movements in Bernsteins theories

A

synergies

64
Q

motor patterns can either be activated by a sensory stimulus or by central process within the brainstem and spinal cord knowns as

A

central pattern generators (CPG)

65
Q

hardwired for rhythmic patterns of movement rather than only reactive, reflexive patterns

A

central motor patterns

66
Q

coordinate movement of flexor/extensor muscles within a single limb

A

intralimb generators

67
Q

coordinate actions between limbs for a variety of movement patterns

A

interlimb generators

68
Q

where are CPG’s located

A

reticular formation of midbrain, upper segments of cervical spinal cord, lower thoracic/upper lumbar spinal cord

69
Q

movement is based on dynamic interactions between task, individual and environment

A

dynamic systems theory

70
Q

reciprocal flow of information is essential if movement patterns are to be contextually adapted based on internal and external contraints; reinforces and refines motor patterns; allows us to initiate compensatory strategies if the wrong motor plan is initially selected or is unexpected environmental actions occurs

A

information processing in a dynamic system

71
Q

what are the 3 types of information processing

A

serial processing, parallel processing, parallel distributed processing

72
Q

specific lock-step passing of information from one part of the NS to the next (only processing one thing)

A

serial processing

73
Q

processing information by more than one center at a time (processing multiple things at once)

A

parallel processing

74
Q

combination of serial and parallel processing, is the most efficient, and allows the NS to respond based on situation

A

parallel-distributed processing

75
Q

built in _____ of information processing assures function will still occur even if one route is blocked

A

duplication

76
Q

coordinates many activities simultaneously and needs multiple centers of control at different levels within the same system

A

distributed control of NS

77
Q

forces that produce motion of the body or body segments

A

kinetics

78
Q

force =

A

mass x acceleration

79
Q

position and motion of body in space

A

kinematics

PT 632 Motor Control (9 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2024 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions