Cardiovascular Drugs Flashcards
What are ace inhibitors?
What are they used for?
What do you need to monitor?
Side effects?
END IN “PRIL”
— arterial vasodilator
Used for:
— HTN
— HF
— can use after MI
Nursing notes:
— Monitor BP and HR
— can cause orthostatic hypotension
— monitor potassium (risk for increase)
— monitor kidney function
— START SLOW
Common AE:
— dry cough
— ANGIOEDEMA
What are angiotensin II receptor blockers?
End in “artan”
— arterial vasodilator
Used for:
— HTN
— HF
— sometimes used after MI
Nursing notes:
— monitor BP and HR
— can cause orthostatic hypotension
— monitor potassium (risk for increase)
— monitor kidney function
What are calcium channel blockers?
End in “pine”
— slows movement of calcium into cells
— vasodilator + decreases workload of heart
Used for:
— HTN
— HF
— dysrhythmias (slows HR)
— angina
Nursing notes:
— monitor BP + HR
— monitor facial swelling + facial flushing
— monitor fatigue
What are beta blockers?
What are they used for?
What do you need to monitor?
End in “lol”
— blocks beta receptors
— decreases sympathetic response
— decreases HR myocardial contractility (force of contraction)
Used for:
— HTN
— chronic HF
— decreases side of infarct and risk for dysrhythmias
— slows ventricular response for afib dysrhythmia
MONITOR:
— HR + BP
— can cause fatigue
— depression
— sexual dysfunction
START SLOWLY AND DO NOT STOP ABRUPTLY-CAN CAUSE REBOUND HYPERTENSION
— bronchospasm (wheezing)
— monitor BG (risk for hypoglycemia)
What are diuretics?
What are the uses?
What do you need to monitor?
— decreases blood volume
Types:
— thiazide (hydrochlorothiazide)
— loop (furosemide, torsemide)
— potassium sparing (spironolactone)
Used for:
— HTN
— HF
MONITOR:
— BP/orthostatic hypotension
— DEHYDRATION = hypokalemia with THIAZIDE and LOOP DIURETICS
— hyperkalemia with potassium sparing diuretics
— monitor kidney function (creatinine)
Educate about frequent voiding and timing of administration
Spironolactone:
Diuretic:
Potassium sparing
Risk for HYPERkalemia
Furosemide/torsemide
Loop diuretic: loop of henle in the kidney
Risk for HYPOkalemia
What is digoxin?
Uses?
Nursing indications?
— slows conduction through AV node and increases contractility
Used for:
— HF
— dysrhythmias to control HR
NURSING INDICATIONS:
— check apical pulse for one full minute before administration
TOXIC SIGNS: fatigue, blurred vision, changes in mental status, dysrhythmias
— monitor K levels =
hypokalemia can increase risk of toxicity/hyperkalemia can decrease effectiveness
What is asprin?
NSAID:
Anti-platelet and inhibits vasoconstriction
Used with MI
MONITOR:
— bleeding
— GI upset
Clopidogrel (plavix)
Ticagrelor (brilinta)
Anti-platelet (helps with clotting)
Used for MI
Monitor for increased risk of bleeding
What is heparin?
What do you need to monitor?
Anticoagulant
Used for:
— DVT
— PE
— MI
NURSING NOTES:
— monitor PTT
— ANTIDOTE: PROTAMINE SULFATE
— IV route for treatment doses based on body weight
— SQ route for preventative
— monitor for bleeding - hematuria
— blood in stool
— ecchymosis
— petechiae
— altered LOC
— abdominal pain
LIFE THREATENING: heparin-induced thrombocytopenia
What is enoxaparin?
Anticoagulant
Used for:
— DVT
— PE
MONITOR:
— PT + toxic effects
ANTIDOTE: PROTAMINE SULFATE
— weight based dosing
— monitor for bleeding - hematuria
— blood in stool
— ecchymosis
— petechiae
— altered LOC
— abdominal pain
*tx of acute DVT and PE may see an overlap of enoxaparin and warfarin
What is warfarin?
Anticoagulant
Used for:
— DVT + PE for further prevention
— afib and artificial valve replacement to prevent thrombus formation
Nursing notes:
— monitor PT/INR
ANTIDOTE: VITAMIN K
— adjust dosing based on INR
— monitor for bleeding - hematuria
— blood in stool
— ecchymosis
— petechiae
— altered LOC
— abdominal pain
TEACH PATIENTS TO AVOID FOODS HIGH WITH VITAMIN K (green leafy vegetables)
Tissue plasminogen activator TPA
Thrombolytic
Used for:
— tx of MI to dissolve thrombi in coronary circulation
NURSING:
— given IV or intracoronary
— high risk for bleeding - hematuria
— blood in stool
— ecchymosis
— petechiae
— altered LOC
— abdominal pain
Statin medications
End with “statin”
Decreases cholesterol
Used for:
— atherosclerosis
— post MI
— CAD
NURSING:
— monitor LIVER enzymes
— used in conjunction with diet and exercise changes
