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bi110 - unifying life processes > Unit One: Life on Earth > Flashcards

Unit One: Life on Earth Flashcards

1
Q

What is said to be life’s origin?

A

various meteorite strikes

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2
Q

What meteorite has been said to fall from mars to earth with extraterrestrial life?

A

ALH84001

4 +3/4 lbs, formed by molten lava

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3
Q

What are the two types of life?

A

1. Biotic (living)
2. Abiotic (non-living)

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4
Q

What are the biotic characteristics of viruses

A
  • nucleic acids
  • ability to reproduce and replicate
  • ability to evolve and adapt
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5
Q

What are the abiotic characteristics of viruses

A
  • cannot synthesize their own proteins
  • cannot live without host attatchment
  • cannot reproduce
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6
Q

What are the characteristics of all life forms?

A
  1. Display orderly fashion
  2. Harness and utilize energy for mechanical purposes
  3. Reproduction
  4. Responding to stimuli
  5. Homeostasis
  6. Growth and Development
  7. Evolution
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7
Q

What are some characteristics of the earth

A
  • earth is 4.6 billion years old
  • first prokaryotes: 3.5 billion years
  • first eukaryotes: 2.0 billion years
  • dinosaur extinction: 65 million years
  • modern humans: 150,000 years
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8
Q

What are the 4 classes of molecules

A
  1. Nucleic Acids (DNA, RNA, ATP)
  2. Proteins (amino acids)
  3. Lipids (fats)
  4. Polysaccarhides (carbohydrate)
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9
Q

What are the 3 hypothesis’ to early years of earth

A
  1. Reducing Atmosphere
  2. Deep Sea Vents
  3. Extraterrestrial Origin
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10
Q

Reducing Atmosphere Hypothesis (1)

A
  • beginning (primordial) atmopshere
  • water vapour (H2, CO2, NH3, CH4)
  • almost complete absence of O2
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11
Q

What is the Oparin-Haldane Hypothesis

A
  • early atmosphere was reducing (eliminating O2 and O3)
  • simple organic molecule formation
  • amino acids first –> complex polymers
  • molecule development through UV light
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12
Q

What is the confirmed modern atmospheric content

A
  • oxidizing atmosphere
  • high levels of O2 prevents formation of complex molecules
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13
Q

Deep Sea Vents Hypothesis (2)

A
  • complex organic molecules originated on ocean floor through deep sea vents
  • cracks near volanic activity
  • produces nutrient rich water
  • NH3, CH4, H2S
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14
Q

Extraterrestrial Origin Hypothesis (3)

A
  • key organic molecules originated from outer space
  • organic molecules: carbon based
  • carbonaceous chondrites: meteorites with organic molecules
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15
Q

Earliest Form of Life: Heterotrophs

A
  • heterotrophs
  • organisms containing organic molecules
  • consumers
  • earliest forms were considered anerobic
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16
Q

Earliest Form of Life: Autotrophs

A
  • autotrophs
  • contain carbon from environment (inorganic form CO2)
  • photoautotrophs additionally use light as an energy source
17
Q

What is Organic Photosynthesis

A
  • light to support various functions
  • increase in atmospheric oxygen
18
Q

What evidence points to proof of organic photosynthesis

A
  • banded iron
  • striped red rock sediment
  • red on striped rock sediment come from rust
19
Q

Where did the source of O2 come from in organic photosynthesis

A
  • photosynthetic prokaryotes + cyanobacteria
  • extract electrons from H2O
  • liberates O2
  • relies on oxidation of water for electrons
20
Q

What was the VERY first organism on planet Earth

A
  • protists
  • 200,000 eukaryotes
  • mostly unicellular
  • not animals, plants, or fungi
  • paramecium, aemoba
21
Q

What are Fossil Records

A
  • only direct evidence from millions of years ago
  • represents a small fraction of existed life
  • fossils form in sedimentary rocks
22
Q

What are Fossil Records

A
  • only direct evidence from millions of years ago
  • represents a small fraction of existed life
  • fossils form in sedimentary rocks
23
Q

What are Strata

A
  • layers of sediments
  • particles setting on the bottom of water bodies
  • lowest layer = oldest
  • fossil formation and preservation
  • hard tissues, unconsumable
  • lack of oxygen prevents decomposition

ex: tree resin, ice glace

24
Q

What are some examples of Fossil Records

A
  1. Petrified Wood
  2. Sedimentation
  3. Strata
  4. Mosquitoes in Amber
  5. Mammoth in Permafrost
25
Q

What are the 3 Trees of Life

A
  1. Eukarya
  2. Bacteria
  3. Archea
26
Q

What does LUCA stand for?

A

Last Universal Common Ancestor

all life descends from a common ancestor

27
Q

What are the Common Features in the Tree of Life

A
  1. Lipid Bilayer: made up of lipid molecules + semi-permable membranes (selective entrance)
  2. Genetic System based on DNA: cell “blueprint”
  3. System of Information Transfer: DNA to RNA
  4. System of protein assembly: “central dogma”
  5. Protein Reliance: enzymes, channels, structures
  6. ATP as energy currency: continual resynthesis
  7. Break of Glucose: fuel composition for ATP resynthesis

bi110 - unifying life processes (10 decks)

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