Unit Two: Dr Smith's Content Flashcards
1
Q
What are Flagella and Cilia
A
- elongated motile structures that extend from cell surface
- cilia are shorter than flagella
- cilia have a greater amount
- flagellnum propel prokaryotic cells to move
2
Q
What are some structure relevant to plant cells
A
- chloroplasts
- central vacuole
- plant cell walls
3
Q
What are Plastids
A
- yellow-green in colour
- site of photosynthesis in plant cells
- plastids contain DNA genomes and machinery for gene expression + synthesis of protein on ribosomes
- some proteins within plastids are encoded by genomes/nuclear genes and imported into organelles from cytosol
4
Q
What are Chloroplasts
A
- surrounded by outer membrane and inner memebrane in the stroma
- thykaloid content
- thykaloids contain chlorphyll
- CONVERT LIGHT ENERGY
5
Q
What is the Central Vacuole
A
- large vesicles that perform specialized
- 90% or more of plant cells can be made up of central vacole
- tonoplast: surrounds the central vacuole
6
Q
What are the functions of central vacuoles
A
- supports the cell structure
- store salts, organic acid, sugars, storage proteins, pigments and waste products
- produce colours of many flowers
- contain enzymes that break down molecules
- contain molecules that provide chemical defences against pathogenic organisms
7
Q
What is the function of the Cell Wall
A
- support individual cells
- protect cells against invading bacteria and fungi
- contribute to turgor pressure produced in central vacolue
- consist of cellulose
8
Q
What is Cellulose
A
- long polymers of glucose
- most abundunt macromolecule
- aggregate into bundles (microfibrils)
- embedded into network of other polysacchardies
9
Q
What does the middle lamella do
also known as (pectin)
A
hold together walls of adjacent cells
10
Q
What is the Plasmodesmta
A
- plasma membrane lined-channels that connect the cytosols of adjacent cells
- allow ions and small molecules to move directly from one cell to another through cytosol
11
Q
What does the Plasmodesmta do
A
preforate primary and secondary cell walls
12
Q
What are some specialized animal structures
A
- Cell adhesion molecules
- Cell Junctions
- Extracellular Matrix
13
Q
What are Cell Adhesion Molecules
A
- glycoproteins in plasma membrane that bind to specific molecules on other cells
- organize animal cells into tissues and organs
- provide avenues of communication
14
Q
What are Anchoring Cell Junctions
A
- form buttonlike spots, belts, that run entirely around cells
- welding adjacent cells together
most common in tissues subjected to stretching, scarring, shear, etc
15
Q
What are Desosomes
Anchoring Cell Junction
A
anchoring junctions with intermediate filaments that anchor junction in underlying cytoplasm
