Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

Geohazard > Introduction to Geohazard > Flashcards

Introduction to Geohazard Flashcards

1
Q

a process or phenomenon that may pose a threat to human lives and or properties

A

hazard

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

are geological processes or phenomenon that may cause loss of life, injury, or other health impacts

A

geohazards

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

t or f: risk can be totally eliminated

A

F not totally

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

the potential loss of life, injury, or destroyed or damaged assests

A

risk

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

risk is a function of:

A

hazard, exposure, vulnerability, and capacity

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

risk formula

A

risk = probablity of hazard occuring x expected impacts

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

risk that are not totally eliminated even after several measures

A

residual risk

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

two types of risk

A

acceptable and residual

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

risk is a function of

A

hazard, vulnerability, exposure, and capacity

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

a serious disruption of the functioning of a community or a society at any scale due to hazardous events

A

disaster

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

disaster are hazardous events interacting with conditions of:

A

exposure, vulnerability, and capacity

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

a type of disaster that emerges gradually

A

slow-onset disaster or (incremental processes)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

a type of disaster that occurs suddenly

A

sudden-onset disaster (sporadic processes)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

disaster leads to one or more of the following losses and impacts

A

human, material, economic, and environmental losses and impact

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

a type of disaster that is triggered by a hazardous event that emerges quickly or unexpectedly

A

sudden-onset disaster (sporadic processes)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

a disaster that emerges gradually overtime

A

slow-onset disaster (incremental processes)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

examples of slow-onset disasters:

A

drought, desertification, sea-level rise, epidemic disease

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

examples of sudden-onset disasters

A

earthquake, volcanic eruption, flash flood, chemical explosion, critical infrastructure failure, transport accident

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

susceptibility is related to

A

spatial aspects of hazard

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
20
Q

related to spatial aspects of hazard, tendency of an area to undergo the effects of hazards

A

susceptibility or exposure

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
21
Q

degree to which the elements at risk are likely to experience hazard events of different magnitudes/scales

A

susceptibility

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
22
Q

ability of the population to cope or prepare to the effects or impacts of a hazard

A

adaptive capacity

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
23
Q

degree of inability to resist to the effects/impacts of a hazard or to respond when a disaster has occured

A

vulnerability

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
24
Q

t or f: vulnerability and adaptive capacity have inverse relationship

A

T

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
25
Q

lenses of vulnerability

A

physical, social, economic, environmental, or industrial

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
26
Q

vulnerability is a function of

A

adaptive capacity, susceptibility, and sensitivity

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
27
Q

do hazards always lead to disaster?

A

NO

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
28
Q

geologic processes that affect every human on earth

A

natural hazards

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
29
Q

t or f: natural hazards are least noticeable when they cause loss of life or property

A

F (most noticeable)

30
Q

in minimizing risk, we need to understand something about the _______, and understand the _______ for the process

A

processes that operate ; energy required

31
Q

other disasters that are directly generated by humans

A

technological disasters

32
Q

types of natural hazards

A

geologic
hydrometeorologic
anthropogenic
others

33
Q

question we hope to answer for each possible natural disasters are:

A

a.) where is each type of hazard likely to be present and why?

b.) how often do these hazards develop into disasters?

c.) how can each type of disaster be predicted or mitigated?

34
Q

most common geohazards

A

mass wasting
earthquake
volcanic eruption
floods
tsunami

35
Q

without humans hazards are only

A

natural events

36
Q

_____ can be developed to minimize the risk of hazards

A

mitigation measures

37
Q

natural hazards operating in the atmosphere

A

hydrometeorologic hazards

38
Q

types of hydrometeorologic hazards

A

typhoon, drought, tornadoes, lightning and thunderstorn

39
Q

hazards that don’t fall in any categories

A

other natural hazards (insect infestations, disease/viruses, wildfires)

40
Q

hazards that occur as a result of human interaction with the environment

A

anthropogenic hazards

41
Q

occur due to exposure to hazardous substances, such as radon, mercury, asbestos

A

technological hazards

42
Q

examples of hazards that have formed through human interaction

A

acid rain, global warning, contamination of surface waters

43
Q

occur as a result of the process itself

eg. water damage due to a flood, collapse of buildings due to an earthquake

A

primary effects

44
Q

occur only because a primary effect has caused them

fires by earthquakes, disruption of electrical power as a result of earthquake

A

secondary effect

45
Q

are long term effects that are set off as a result of a primary event

loss of habitat cause by flood, permanent changes in the position of river channel

A

Tertiary effects

46
Q

involves not only the assessment of hazards from a scientific point of view but also, socio-economic impacts of a hazardous event

A

risk assessment

47
Q

hazard assessment involves:

A

a.) when and where in the past
b.) severity of physical effects of past hazards
c.) frequency of occurrence
d.) likely effects if it were to happen now
e.) make information public

48
Q

risk assessment involves:

A

a.) hazard assessment
b.) location of buildings
c.) potential exposure
d.) vulnerability of the community

49
Q

a statement of probability that an event will occur based on scientific observation

A

Prediction

50
Q

such observation of prediction involves:

A

monitoring of processes that will identify precursor events

51
Q

an anomalous small physical change that may be known to lead a more devastating event

A

precursor events

52
Q

refers to short term prediction of floods, hurricanes, and other weather related phenomena

A

forecast

53
Q

t or f: for weather related phenomena, forecast is used for short-term prediction of magnitude, location, date and time of an event

A

T

54
Q

t of f: forecast are used in earthquakes in a less precise way, it refers to long term probability that is specific in terms of the exact time that the event will occur

A

F (not exact)

55
Q

1989 Loma Prieta Earthquake is also known as

A

World Series Earthquake

56
Q

t or f: in terms of earthquake, forecast is used in a less precise way, and is not specific in terms of the exact time that the event will occur

A

t

57
Q

a ____ is a statement that a high probability of a
hazardous event will occur, based on a ____ or ____.

A

warning
prediction ; forecast

58
Q

prior to loma prieta earthquake, the USGS had forecast a ____ probability that a large earthquake would occur in this area within the next _____ years

A

50% ; 30

59
Q

rainfall warning by pagasa

A

malakas <15 mm/hr
matindi 15-30 mm/hr
walang humpay >30 mm/hr

60
Q

PAGASA stand for?

A

Philippine Atmospheric, Geophysical and Astronomical Services Administration

61
Q

PHIVOLCS stand for?

A

Philippine Institute of Volcanology and Seismology

62
Q

NDRRMC stand for?

A

National Disaster Risk Reduction and Management Council

63
Q

MGB stands for?

A

Mines and Geosciences Bureau

64
Q

the effectiveness of a warning depends on

A

timeliness of warning;
effective communications and public information system;
credibility of sources

65
Q

responsibilities of scientists

A

hazard assessment
prediction
reduction of risk
early warning
communication

66
Q

responsibilities of public officials

A

risk assessment
planning and code nforcement
early warning
respponse
communication

67
Q

_______ and ______ should make information known to public officials for dissemination to the general public

A

scientists and engineers

68
Q

scientists with access to monitoring and hazard information should help develop ______ to effectively communicate such warnings to Public officials resposible

A

early warnings

69
Q

responsibilities of citizens

A

undestanding of hazards
understanding of early warning systems
communication

70
Q

Public officials need to work with scientists and engineers to help reduce vulnerability by making _________ and ______ that help reduce risk an dvulnerability

A

planning decisions (zoning laws) ; building codes

Geohazard (25 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2024 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions