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Geohazard > Mass Wasting - PROCESSES AND CLASSIFICATION > Flashcards

Mass Wasting - PROCESSES AND CLASSIFICATION Flashcards

1
Q

what is a landlside?

A

it is a downslope movement of rock or regolith near the earth’s surface due to gravity (nelson, 2006)

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2
Q

mass wasting is an integral part of ______ as it move material from _____ elevations to _____ elevations

A

erosional processes ; higher elevations ; lower elevations

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3
Q

what is a regolith?

A

loose unconsolidated materials sitting atop a bedrock layer

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4
Q

differentiate weathering and erosion

A

weathering is the breakdown of rocks in situ, while erosion involves mobilization and transportation of weathered materials

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5
Q

t or f: mass wasting are occurring continuously on all slopes, some are very slow while others occur very suddenly, often with disastrous results

A

T

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6
Q

any perceptible downslope movement of rock or regolith are referred to in general as ______

A

landslide

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7
Q

landslide is also known as:

A

Debris Slump

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8
Q

Cherry Hills Landslide: location and date

A

August 1-3, 1999
Antipolo, Philippines

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9
Q

about how many percent of the land area of the Philippines is susceptible to lanlsides?

A

up to 80%

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10
Q

what was the specific mass wasting events that occurred in cherry hills landslide?

A

slump to debris flow near the base

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11
Q

Village of Saint Bernard landslide location and date

A

Guinsaugon, Leyte
Feb 17, 2006

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12
Q

what triggered the saint bernad village landslide?

A

two-week continuous rainfall

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13
Q

at 10:26 am, an earthquake followed the saint bernard village landslide, what is the magnitude of the earthquake?

A

Mag 2.16

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14
Q

t or f: part of the slope in guinsaugon leyte lansdlide was transected by the PFZ

A

T

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15
Q

what mass wasting event occurred in Andap, New Bataan in 2012?

A

Debris Flow

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16
Q

when was the Andap, New Bataan Mass wasting?

A

December 4, 2012

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17
Q

what river was close during the Andap mass wasting

A

Mayo River

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18
Q

maximum runup height of Andap new bataan mass wasting

A

1.8m

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19
Q

what specific mass wasting events occurred in Guinsaugon, Leyte?

A

Rock slide to Debris avalache

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20
Q

Naga City Landlside, location and date?

A

Brgy. Tinaan, Naga City, Cebu
Sept. 20, 2018

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21
Q

the Naga city landslide was a combination of what processes?

A

sinkhole collapse + planar block slides + debris flow

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22
Q

during the Naga City landslide, a fault was traced ______ away from the area

A

500m

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23
Q

what possibly triggered Naga landslide?

A

during 2013 NBF earthquake, groundwater flow diverted through the area (with karst terrain), causing sinkhole collapse

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24
Q

knowledge about the relationships between ______ and _____ can lead to better planning that can reduce ______ to such hazards

A

local geology ; mass wasting processes ; vulnerability

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25
Q

states and distributions of activity of a landslide

A

active
suspended
reactivated
inactive
dormant
abandoned
stabilized
relict

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26
Q

t or f: relict landslides have undergone weathering

A

t

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27
Q

t or f: cracks present in dormant landslides are indicators of another episode of mass wasting

A

T

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28
Q

what are indicators that a past landslide have occurred in an area

A

concave topography
sparse vegetation
bulging toe / old landslide deposits at the bottom

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29
Q

mass movements can be classified according to:

A
  1. type of movement
  2. type of material
  3. relative proportion of water and mater
  4. velocity (slow or rapid)
  5. thickness (shallow or deep seated)
  6. triggering factors
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30
Q

types of material involved in mass wasting

A

rock, debris, earth, mud

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31
Q

types of triggering factors of mass movements

A

earthquake induced, rainfall induced, or human induced

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32
Q

t or f: for deep seated landslides, mitigation measures are of no work, evacuation should be done.

A

T

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33
Q

mixture of rock, earth, plants, and mud

A

Debris

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34
Q

composed of loose sediment and weathered rock fragments

A

Earth

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35
Q

mixture of water and finer-sized sediments

A

mud

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36
Q

regolith are composed of

A

rock fragment, sheared bedrock, weathered zone, organic soils

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37
Q

solifluction is a mixture of

A

creep and flow

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38
Q

two type of debris avalanches

A

hot and cold

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39
Q

comprises a detachment of soil or rock from a steep slope and the more or less free and extremely rapid descent of the material

A

Fall

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40
Q

_______ refers to fine-grained deposits at the bottom of a slope, while ______ refers to coarse grained deposits

A

Talus ; Scree

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41
Q

the movement of fall is largely through the ____, alternated with the ______ or ______ on the slope

A

air ; bouncing or rolling

42
Q

falling will be preceded by

A

small sliding or toppling movements

43
Q

t or f: falls can also be triggered by lateral pressures (roots, ice wedging, crystallization pressures) or by lost of underlying support (erosion on cliffs)

A

T

44
Q

t or f: falls are more common in soft roxks

A

F (hard rocks)

45
Q

constitutes a failure in the support conditions of a bedrock

A

fall

46
Q

a topple is a _____ out of the slope of a mass of soil or rock about a point below the ________ of the _______

A

forward rotation ; center of gravity ; displaced mass

47
Q

this process is identical to fall, associated with very steep slopes

A

topple

48
Q

topples may lead to _____

A

sliding of the displaced mass

49
Q

toppling is mostly occurring in combination with ____

A

fall

50
Q

a moving slab of soil or bedrock that moves as a whole, remaining in contact with the underlying material

A

slide

51
Q

two types of slides

A

rotational and translational

52
Q

a slump is an example of a _____ type of slide

A

rotational

53
Q

a type of slide that have more or less circular failure surface

A

rotational slide

54
Q

a type of slide where sliding occurs along a pre-existing failure plane

A

translational slide

55
Q

t or f: rotational slides are shallower than translational slides

A

F (deeper)

56
Q

t or f: rotational slides are narrower than translational slides

A

T

57
Q

three types of translational slides

A

soil slips
rock slides
debris slides

58
Q

shallow translational movement in soil materials

A

soil slips

59
Q

two types of soil slips

A

sheet slide
slab slide

60
Q

scale of soil slips

A

1-2m in thickness

61
Q

occurs in cohesionless, dry soils

A

sheet slides

62
Q

occurs in saturated soil materia

A

slab slides

63
Q

three types of rock slides

A

planar slides
stepped slides
wedge failure

64
Q

what type of rocks slide occurred in Guinsaugon, Leyte?

A

Planar slide

65
Q

a type of rock slide where movement takes place in a single failure plane

A

planar slides

66
Q

a type of rock slide where movement occurs along a number of parallel failure plane

A

stepped slides

67
Q

a type of rockslide where failure is controlled by two planes which define a wedge-shaped block loosened from the rock slope

A

wedge failure

68
Q

debris slides occur on what slopes

A

steep (25-35 degrees)

69
Q

what is a debris slide?

A

a slope debris slides off along a discontinuity with the underlying weathered rock

70
Q

movements involving great internal deformation

A

flow

71
Q

flow involves ________, where ______ dominates over _________

A

internal deformation ; inter-granular movements ; shear-surface movements

72
Q

t or f: the internal vertical velocity distribution of a flow is uniform

A

false (not uniform)

73
Q

in a flow the vertical velocity of the material near the surface is _______ than the velocity of the underlying material

A

higher

74
Q

the most common subdivision of flow is based on the _____

A

type of material

75
Q

t or f: materials in flow movement are cohesive

A

F (not cohesive)

76
Q

a type of slow moving flow

A

earthflow

77
Q

in an earth flow, the rate of internal deformation is _____

A

limited

78
Q

t or f: earthflow includes solifluction

A

T

79
Q

the saturated material in an earthflow moves ______ and forms a _____

A

sluggishly ; bulging toe

80
Q

is a type of fast moving flow

A

mudflow

81
Q

t or f: the material in mudflow is oversaturated with water

A

t

82
Q

a mudflow mostly originates from ________, dragging soil particles with it

A

overland flow in heavy rainfall

83
Q

t or f: kinetic energy in a mudflow can be so high, it could take along stones

A

T

84
Q

in a debris flow, the trapped fluid may develop _______ buoying up individual debris particles

A

high pore pressures

85
Q

t or f: dry, non-cohesive debris can move like a flow due to interparticle impacts (similar to intermolecular motion in fluid)

A

T

86
Q

a flow taking place in larger materials

A

block flow

87
Q

t or f: mudflows are common along rivers that are composed of consolidated materials plus rainfall

A

F (semi-unconsolidated)

88
Q

an extension of a cohesive mass of rock or soil combined with the general subsidence of a broken cohesive mass into a softer underlying material

A

lateral spreads

89
Q

t or f: the surface of rupture in a lateral spread is a surface of intense shear

A

F (not a surface)

90
Q

spread may result from _____ or _____ and _______

A

liquefaction or flow;
extrusion of softer material

91
Q

t or f: in lateral spreads, the vertical component is more important than the horizontal component

A

False (the horizontal is more important)

92
Q

the horizontal movement of a spread is the ________

A

sliding of detached blocks over a softer material

93
Q

spread is also partly induced by _____ of the underlying material

A

plastic deformation

94
Q

what is the slowest type of mass wasting

A

creep

95
Q

fastest type of mass wasting

A

rock fall

96
Q

is the slow movement of soil or bedrock downslope owing to periodic expansion and contraction

A

creep

97
Q

what causes expansion and contraction of the slope?

A

cyclic wetting and drying or thawing and freezing

98
Q

t or f: the stresses on a slope material in a creep is to small to generate a rapid failure

A

T

99
Q

at least two different types of landslides occur together

A

complex

100
Q

what is regarded as the most dangerous geohazard?

A

landslide

101
Q

what does EGGAR stand for?

A

Engineering Geological and Geohazard Assessment Report

Geohazard (25 decks)

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