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SURGX > PEA1 > Flashcards

PEA1 Flashcards

1
Q

An antifibrinolytic agent used in regular clinical practice

A

Tranexamic acid (TXA)

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2
Q

A unit of blood could be transfused most rapidly through
which vascular access catheters?

A

A 16-gauge, 3-cm peripheral IV in the right antecubital fossa

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3
Q

Excessive administration of normal saline for fluid
resuscitation can lead to what metabolic derangement?

A

Metabolic acidosis

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4
Q

Shock caused by a large tension pneumothorax is
categorized as

A

Obstructive

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5
Q

A patient with necrotizing pancreatitis undergoes
computed tomography (CT)-guided aspiration, which
results in growth of Escherichia coli on culture. The most appropriate treatment is?

A

Exploratory laparotomy

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6
Q

Factor that influence the development of Surgical Site Infections (SSIs)

A

Degree of microbial contamination
Duration of the procedure
Patient’s condition/risk factors e.g., Malnutrition

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7
Q

Closure of an appendectomy wound in a patient with
perforated appendicitis who is receiving appropriate
antibiotics will result in a wound infection in what
percentage of patients?

A

22–25%

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8
Q

The proliferative phase of wound healing occurs how long after the injury

A

Approximately 7 days

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9
Q

The root cause of the majority of wrong-site surgeries
result from

A

Communication errors

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10
Q

Has been shown to decrease the time of post-operative ileus

A

Erythromycin

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11
Q

In the ABCDE of melanoma, the D stands for diameter
greater than?

A

6 mm

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12
Q

A chylothorax is likely to be present in a patient whose
pleural fluid analysis results show a triglyceride level of?

A

130mg/100mL

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13
Q

The most common age to close asymptomatic ASDs is?

A

Age 4–5 years

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14
Q

A true surgical emergency in a newborn?

A

Total anomalous pulmonary venous connection
(TAPVC)

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15
Q

Best predictor of spontaneous closure of a VSD

A

Age at diagnosis

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16
Q

The bypass conduit with the highest patency rate is the?

A

Internal thoracic artery

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17
Q

Most common cause of thoracic aortic aneurysms

A

Nonspecific medial degeneration

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18
Q

The compartment most commonly affected in a lower leg compartment syndrome is the?

A

Anterior compartment

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19
Q

Anesthesia dolorosa is pain felt in the face which is
completely numb to touch. The pain is characterized as
constant, burning, or aching. It is usually a side effect of
surgery of

A

Trigeminal neuralgia

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20
Q

The most common source of bacteria that causes SSI’s
following procedures other than elective clean operation
is

A

The patient’s endogenous bacteria

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21
Q

Superior vena cava (SVC) syndrome is a group of symptoms caused by compression of the superior vena cava most often caused by bronchogenic carcinoma. Which treatment options should extreme care be taken for it can further worsen SVC compression?

A

Continuous positive pressure

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22
Q

Describes a primary microbial peritonitis

A

Microbes invade the normally sterile confines of the
peritoneal cavity through hematogenous route.

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23
Q

An adjuvant treatment for breast cancer patients with estrogen receptor positive tumor

A

Anastrozole

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24
Q

A kinase inhibitor, a type of targeted drug,
given to treat advanced breast cancer

A

Lapatinib

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25
Q

A hemolytic transfusion reaction during anesthesia will
be characterized by

A

Bleeding and hypotension

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26
Q

The classic triad of Plummer -Vinson syndrome is composed of

A

Dysphagia
Esophageal webs
Iron deficiency anemia

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27
Q

Plummer’s disease is seen in

A

Toxic multinodular goiter

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28
Q

What knot tie is used when there is increased wound tension

A

Surgeon’s knot

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28
Q

What knot tie is used when there is increased wound tension

A

Surgeon’s knot

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29
Q

If there is suspected cardiac injury, acutely, how many mL of blood can lead to cardiac tamponade?

A

<100 mL

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30
Q

What is the sequence in which the body utilizes its stored energy

A

Glycogen -> fats -> protein

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31
Q

A type of hernia occurring at the lateral border of the rectus abdominis muscle

A

Spigelian

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32
Q

A hernia through the superior lumbar triangle is called?

A

Grynfeltt’s

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33
Q

A 50 year old female patient underwent a needle guided
excisional biopsy in her right breast. The rest of her history is unremarkable. This is classified under which of the ff. wound classes?

A

Clean

34
Q

Which antibiotic provides adequate coverage for prophylaxis for most types of procedures?

A

Cefazolin

35
Q

During elective colorectal surgery, considerable spillage of colon contents occurs, the surgeon then decides to administer antibiotic therapy, this is classified under

A

Empiric therapy

36
Q

The lesion is a pinkish erythematous plaque with a depressed center with raised borders. Hx shows significant sun exposure, works as a farmer up to the present. What is the most likely diagnosis in this case?

A

Basal cell carcinoma

37
Q

Which skin cancers is most likely to recur locally and invasive?

A

Basal cell carcinoma

38
Q

Most common type of skin cancer

A

Basal cell carcinoma

39
Q

The type of malignant melanoma common among dark
skinned individuals found usually on the palmar, plantar and subungual areas?

A

Acral lentiginous

40
Q

A disorder of delayed gastric emptying
in the absence of mechanical obstruction after post
gastrectomy?

A

Roux syndrome

41
Q

The cause of Zollinger Ellison syndrome is commonly found at the?

A

Gastrinoma triangle

42
Q

A 36 year old male patient presents with recurrent
intermittent hematemesis. Initial Upper GI endoscopy
showed negative findings. A repeat upper GI endoscopy
showed a large submucosal artery near the gastroesophageal junction what is the diagnosis?

A

Dieulafoy’s lesion

43
Q

Gallbladder stones commonly lodge where?

A

Cystic duct

44
Q

Most common functional pancreatic endocrine
neoplasm

A

Insulinoma

45
Q

In a case of an acute abdomen, the examiner places the patient on his left side and then proceeds to slowly extend the right thigh to elicit abdominal pain on the RLQ, what is this called?

A

Psoas sign

46
Q

What is the most vulnerable segment of the large intestine to obstruction?

A

Sigmoid colon

47
Q

What is the most common site of volvulus?

A

Sigmoid

48
Q

Tumor markers has utility for pancreatic
cancer

A

CA 19-9

49
Q

A patient with liver cirrhosis was treated with a shunt for the treatment of portal hypertension, which blood vessels are the ones connected?

A

Portal vein and inferior vena cava

50
Q

Most commonly injured organ with blunt
abdominal trauma is

A

Liver

51
Q

The most common clinical sign in pheochromocytoma is

A

Hypertension

52
Q

Which medication should be given 1-3 weeks before surgery of pheochromocytoma?

A

Phenoxybenzamine

53
Q

A 1 week old infant presents bilious vomiting and irritability. On examination he has no abdominal distention, no palpable masses, ultrasound reveals 2 discrete cystic structures in the upper abdomen, what is the most likely diagnosis?

A

Duodenal atresia

54
Q

If tissue biopsy revealed polygonal spindle shaped cells with amyloid, what is the most likely diagnosis?

A

Medullary thyroid cancer

55
Q

The most common variant of a congenital diaphragmatic hernia constitutes which defects

A

Posterolateral / Bochdalek

56
Q

Most common of the primary esophageal motility
disorders?

A

Nutcracker esophagus

57
Q

What is the most common cause of ulcer related death?

A

Bleeding

58
Q

A 26 year old male patient was brought into the emergency was involved in a scuffle there was penetrating trauma a knife to the left chest wall, patient was dead on arrival and CPR was performed for 5 minutes already while on the way to the hospital, what is the next best step in the management ?

A

Resuscitative thoracotomy

59
Q

26 y/o patient with an anterior abdominal stab wound came to the ER. BP 120/80, HR108 RR20
T-afebrile, the knife wound is near the RUQ and right flank, what is the appropriate next step in the management of this patient?

A

Local wound exploration

60
Q

What would decrease the chance of recurrence to a CIS breast cancer?

A

Radiation

61
Q

After undergoing right breast surgery, patient developed
shoulder weakness and winging of the right scapula, which nerve is implicated?

A

Long thoracic nerve

62
Q

Routine screening mammography in women for breast cancer is started at what age?

A

40

63
Q

The preferred method for diagnosis of palpable or
nonpalpable breast abnormalities?

A

Core needle biopsy

64
Q

Mechanism of characteristic skin retraction in breast cancer?

A

Desmoplastic response shortens Cooper’s ligaments

65
Q

The type of esophageal hernia where there is an upward dislocation of the cardiac portion of the stomach into the posterior mediastinum

A

Type 1

66
Q

A tooth abscess which spread to the neck area

A

Ludwig’s angina

67
Q

A 26 y/o patient after an episode of an alcoholic binge
drinking had several episodes of retching and vomiting.
Patient started having profuse hematemesis afterward.
Endoscopy revealed longitudinal fissures in the mucosa of the herniated stomach with bleeding, what is the diagnosis?

A

Mallory Weiss tear

68
Q

Topical burn wound therapy that is used mostly for
prevention of wound infections, soothing quality,
inexpensive, not absorbed systemically, may cause
neutropenia and cannot be used for skin graft sites

A

Silver sulfadiazine

69
Q

Topical burn wound therapy that is used mostly for both
treatment and prevention of burn wound infections, can be used on skin grafts and can penetrate eschar, associated with pain on application and absorbed systemically causing metabolic acidosis

A

Mafenide acetate

70
Q

Topical burn wound therapy that is used mostly as dilute
solution with broad antimicrobial activity, it is associated
with hyponatremia and methemoglobinemia. Inexpensive but causes black stains on garments

A

Silver nitrate

71
Q

The most common symptom or presentation of
intussusceptions in the adult?

A

Bowel obstruction

72
Q

Patient is a 7 y/o male who presents with left groin or knee pain, decreased hip motion and a limp. There was no history of injury/fall, xray reveals osteonecrosis of the proximal femoral epiphysis, what is the most likely diagnosis

A

Legg-Calve-Perthes disease

73
Q

Patient is an active 14 y/o Male who is part of the schools track and field team, he presents with localized pain and tenderness at the area of the tibial tubercle, xray reveals calcification of the tendon near the tibial tubercle, what is the diagnosis?

A

Osgood-Schlatter disease

74
Q

Most common cause of cataract?

A

Aging

75
Q

A 44 y/o female patient presents to the ED with sudden
blurring of vision more prominent on the right eye,
accompanied by unilateral right sided headache and eye pain, nausea and vomiting, PE: ciliary injection over the right eye, smoky cornea, mid-dilated pupil, what is the most likely diagnosis?

A

Acute angle closure glaucoma

76
Q

Diagnostic procedures can visualize the
anterior chamber angle?

A

Gonioscopy

77
Q

The intravascular volume or plasma composes how many % of the body weight?

A

5%

78
Q

The most common cause of volume deficit in surgical patients is

A

Loss of GI fluids

79
Q

GI secretion with the highest potassium content?

A

Colon

80
Q

GI secretion with the highest HCO3 content?

A

Pancreas

81
Q

The most common abnormality of hemostasis that results in bleeding in the surgical patient

A

Thrombocytopenia

82
Q

Type of shock where cardiac index is increased, systemic vascular resistance is decreased, decreased CVP and decreased mixed venous O2, and no change in venous capacitance

A

Neurogenic

83
Q

Flail chest?

A

3 or more contiguous ribs are fractures in at least 2
locations

SURGX (7 decks)

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