metabolic pathways (mind map)

Question 1

define cell metabolism

Answer 1

The chemical reaction that takes place in a living cell. It is a network of connected and integrated pathways involved in cell activities. All cell activities are controlled by the enzyme.

Question 2

define an anabolic reactions

Answer 2

builds up (synthesis) large molecules and required energy.

Question 3

define a catabolic reaction

Answer 3

breaksdown large molecules into smaller one and releases energy

Question 4

describe metabolic pathways

Answer 4

• consists of many stages converting of one metabolite to another
• each step is controlled by a particular enzyme
• if the right enzyme is present, the pathway will proceed. If it is absent, the pathway will halt.

Question 5

what is a controlled metabolic pathway

Answer 5

metabolic pathways are controlled by enzymes and can have reversible and irreversible steps or alternative routes and can be integrated with each other

Question 6

describe reversible pathways

Answer 6

often metabolic reactions are reversible meaning the molecule can be converted back into the form it started from.

Question 7

what happens if a reaction is irreversible?

Answer 7

the molecule is permanently changed.

Question 8

define alternative routes

Answer 8

it’s possible that a metabolic pathway has more than one ‘route’ of getting from its substrate to its product(s).

Question 9

define metabolic block

Answer 9

a metabolic block may occur due to a gene mutation resulting in an absence of a functional enzyme.

Question 10

what do chemical reactions that occur within the metabolism relay on?

Answer 10

the presence of enzymes

Question 11

explain what high affinity is

Answer 11

when substrates are chemically attracted to the active site.

Question 12

explain what induced fit is

Answer 12

as the substrate starts to bind the active site changes shape to fit the substrate more closely, increasing the rate of reaction.

Question 13

explain what low affinity is

Answer 13

after the reaction the products, are now a different shape and move away from the active site.

Question 14

what is an enzyme inhibitor?

Answer 14

enzyme inhibitors are substances which prevent enzyme activity.

Question 15

what are the 2 types of enzymes inhibitors?

Answer 15

1) competitive inhibitors
2) non-competitive inhibitors

Question 16

describe how a competitive inhibitors works?

Answer 16

similar shape to the substrate, fits into active site but does not produce products. competes for the position on the active sight.

Question 17

describe how a non competitive inhibitor works?

Answer 17

there different shapes to the substrate molecule. attaches elsewhere on the enzyme. causes a change in shape of the active site.

Question 18

what factors may affect the rate of enzyme activity?

Answer 18

1) temperature
2) pH
3) substrate concentration
4) enzyme concentration
5) product concentration
6) inhibitors

Question 19

what’s product concentration?

Answer 19

if there’s a high concentration of product made, the reaction can be halted. The product becomes an inhibitor of the reaction