bio of controlling fertility

Question 1

infertility and concentration are based on…

Answer 1

the biology of fertility

Question 2

how would u describe a male’s fertility and why?

Answer 2

• continuous
• FSH + ICSH are secreted at a relatively constant level = steady testosterone production = prompting sperm production.

Question 3

how would u describe a female’s fertility and why?

Answer 3

• cyclic
• small fertility period during every cycle.
• fertility lasts around 5 days.
  (2days before + 2 days after ovulation)

Question 4

name some ways we can establish the ovulation period?

Answer 4

1) tracking cycle (14 days after ovulation)
2) changes in cervical mucus (thinner during time of ovulation)
3) changes in body temperature

Question 5

name some types of infertility in females

Answer 5

• endometriosis
• problems ovulating
• poor egg quality
• blockage in oviduct

Question 6

name some types of infertility in males

Answer 6

• sperm tube blockage
• sperm: low count, poor mobility, abnormal shape
• allergic to sperm

Question 7

name some factors influencing fertility

Answer 7

• age
• genetics
• disease/health/lifestyle
• anorexia/obesity
  -drug misuse/smoking
  -stress/poor diet

Question 8

how do drugs that mimic FSH and LH work?

Answer 8

FSH causes follicular development and LH causes the ovulation.

Question 9

how do drugs that prevent negative feedback (of oestrogen + FSH) work?

Answer 9

FSH continues to be released so follicles can develop.

Question 10

what’s a possible negative impact of infertility treatments for females?

Answer 10

super ovulation - more ova are released, results in multiple births

Question 11

which infertility treatment would require stimulating ovulation drugs?

Answer 11

IVF - these drugs are required to “harvest” ova from females

Question 12

when is artificial insemination required and what is involved?

Answer 12

• seaman samples are collected then combined over time.
• samples are inserted into female reproductive system without intercourse.

Question 13

what is in vitro fertilisation? (IVF)

Answer 13

fertilisation outwith the female body

Question 14

when may IVF (in vitro fertilisation) be required?

Answer 14

• blockage in oviduct
• infection after procedures (abortion, miscarriage, c-section)
• pelvic inflammatory disease
• sexually transmitted disease

Question 15

when is intracytoplasmic sperm injection (ICSI) used?

Answer 15

used after IVF, if sperm have poor mobility or are very low in number

Question 16

how does intracytoplasmic sperm injection (ICSI) differ from IVF?

Answer 16

head of mature sperm is drawn into needle and injected directly into egg to achieve fertilisation.

Question 17

describe pre implantation genetic disorder.

Answer 17

• cells removed from embryo
• cells tested for genetic abnormalities
• single gene disorders + chromosome abnormalities identified
• most suitable embryo selected for implantation.

Question 18

name some physical methods of contraception

Answer 18

1) barriers
2) avoiding fertile periods
3) intra-uterine devices
4) sterilisation

Question 19

name some barrier contraception methods and how they work

Answer 19

1) condoms
2) cervical cap
3) diaphragm
- prevents sperm from entering uterus and reaching ovum

Question 20

how does an intra-uterine device work

Answer 20

creates a hostile environment for implantation to occur

Question 21

describe sterilisation in males

Answer 21

• vasectomy
  • cutting + closing sperm tube of each teste.

Question 22

describe sterilisation in females

Answer 22

• tubal ligation
  • cutting and closing each oviduct

Question 23

name 3 chemical methods of contraception

Answer 23

• combination contraceptive pill
• mini pill
• morning after pill (emergency contraceptive)