Uni 1: History of Microbioloy and its Uses

Question 1

he observed a thin slice of cork using
improved version of compound
microscope reported to the world that
life’s smallest unit were “little boxes” or
“cells”

Answer 1

Robert hooke

Question 2

all living things are composed of cells

Answer 2

cell theory

Question 3

First person to observe and describe
microorganisms accurately was an Dutch
merchant and amateur microscopist;

Wrote a series of letters to the Royal Society of London: describing “animalcules” using his
simple, single-lens microscope.

Answer 3

Antoni Van Leeuwenhoek

Question 4

hypothesis that** living organisms arise from a nonliving matter**; a “vital force’’ forms life

Answer 4

Aristotle’s doctrine of spontaneous generation

Question 5

hypothesis that the living organisms arise form preexisting life

Answer 5

biogenesis

Question 6

he demonstrated thta maggots did not arise spontaneously from decaying meat.

Answer 6

Francesco Redi

Question 7

found that even after heated the
nutrient fluids (chicken or corn broth) before pouring them into covered flasks, the cooled solutions were soon teeming with microorganisms;
loosely sealed flaslk with microbial growth

Answer 7

John Needham

Question 8

– showed that nutrient fluids heated after being sealed in a flask did not develop microbial growth. - There was not enough oxygen to support microbial life;
no microbiual growth in tightly sealed flask

Answer 8

Lazzaro Spallanzani

Question 9

introduced the concept of biogenesis

Answer 9

Rudolf Virchow

Question 10

1st showed that microorganisms could cause disease (silkwormdisease was due to fungal infection).

Answer 10

Agostino Bassi

Question 11

proved that the great potato blight of Ireland was caused by fungus.

Answer 11

MJ Berkeley

Question 12

Father of Microbiology

Answer 12

Louis Pasteur

Question 13

All life even microbes arose only
from their like and not de novo.

Answer 13

Germ Theory Disease

Question 14

microorganism could kill in beer and wine heating and then rapidly cooling

Answer 14

pasteurization

Question 15

• in** 1887**, Pasteur developed a vaccine usinf a weaken strain of bac. anthracis
• 1885, vax against rabies

Answer 15

Vaccination

Question 16

the term vaccine is to commemorate ____ who used such preparation for protection against smallpox

Answer 16

Edward Jenner

Question 17

• hand disinfection and puerperal fever;
• also introduced antiseptic prophylaxis into medicine

Answer 17

Ignaz Semmelwis

Question 18

pioneer of antiseptics
* use phenol (carbolic acidI to treat surgical wounds wich reduced infections and deaths

Answer 18

Joseph Lister

Question 19

✓Work in anthrax proves germ theory of
disease
✓ Procedures become Koch’s Postulates
✓ Discovered rod-shaped bacteria now known
as Bacillus anthracis. ✓ Development of pure culture technique
✓ Nobel Prize in 1905

Answer 19

Robert Koch

Question 20

treatment of disease by using chemical substances; chemical treatment of non-infectious diseases.

Answer 20

chemotherapy

Question 21

chemotherapeutic agents
prepared from chemicals in the laboratory.

Answer 21

synthetic drugs

Question 22

chemicals produced naturally by
bacteria and fungi to act against other
microorganisms

Answer 22

antibiotic

Question 23

developed a synthetic
arsenic drug called salvarsan to treat syphilis

Answer 23

Paul Ehrlich

Question 24

observed that mold Penicillium inhibit the growth of a bacterial culture and name the active ingredient penicillin.

Answer 24

Aleander Fleming

Question 25

study of bacteria

Answer 25

bacteteriology

Question 26

study of fungi

Answer 26

mycology

Question 27

study of protozoa ang parasitic worms

Answer 27

parasitology

Question 28

genomics

Answer 28

study of all of an organism’s genes

Question 29

study of immunity

Answer 29

immunology

Question 30

study of viruses

Answer 30

virology

Question 31

helped advance all areas of microbiology

Answer 31

Recombinannt DNA Technology/ Genetic Engineering

Question 32

Microbosed in human welfare

Answer 32

1. Recycling Vital Elements
2. Sewage Treatment: Using Microbes to Recycle Water
3. Bioremediation: Using Microbes to Clean Up
   Pollutants
4. Insect Pest Control by Microorganisms

Question 33

microorganisms on and inside our bodies, not only do us no harm, but also in some cases can actually benefit us.

Answer 33

normal microbiota (flora)

Question 34

ability to ward off diseases

Answer 34

resistance