Unit 4.2 (A): Classifications

Question 1

A population of cells with similar characteristics

Answer 1

PROKARYOTIC SPECIES

Question 2

standard reference on bacterial classification. based on similarities in rRNA nucleotide sequences.

Answer 2

Bergey’s Manual of Systematic Bacteriology

Question 3

grown in lab media

Answer 3

CULTURE

Question 4

population of cells derived from a single cell

Answer 4

CLONE

Question 5

A group of bacteria derived from a single cell

Answer 5

STRAIN

Question 6

____ phyla for archaea and ____phyla for bacteria*

Answer 6

2, 14

Question 7

is an organism, or a population of such organisms, which can be distinguished from other organisms within a taxon (e.g. species) based on certain characteristics.

Answer 7

STRAIN

Question 8

A catchall kingdom for eukaryotic organisms that do not fit other kingdoms. Grouped into clades based on rRNA

Answer 8

PROTISTS

Question 9

Chemoheterotrophic; unicellular or multicellular; cell walls of chitin; develop from spores or hyphal fragments

Answer 9

FUNGI

Question 10

Multicellular; no cell walls; chemoheterotrophic

Answer 10

ANIMALIA

Question 11

Multicellular; cellulose cell walls; usually photoautotrophic

Answer 11

PLANTAE

Question 12

Absorbs dissolved organic matter through its plasma membrane to obtain raw materials for vital functions.

Answer 12

FUNGUS

Question 13

includes mosses, ferns, conifers, and flowering plants. All members of this kingdom are multicellular. To obtain energy, a plant uses photosynthesis, a process that converts carbon dioxide and water into organic molecules used by the cell. Multicellular photoautotrophs.

Answer 13

PLANTAE

Question 14

includes sponges, various worms, insects, and animals with backbones (vertebrates). Animals obtain nutrients and energy by ingesting organic matter through a mouth of some kind. Multicellular ingestive heterotrophs.

Answer 14

ANIMALIA

Question 15

also known as monophyletic group, is a group of organisms that consists of a common ancestor and all its lineal descendants.

Answer 15

CLADE

Question 16

a method of classifying organisms into groups of species calledclades(from Greek‘klados’= branch)

Answer 16

CLADISTICS

Question 17

Population of viruses with similar characteristics occupying a particular ecological niche.
* not placed in kingdom nor domain – not composed of cells – cannot grow without a host cell

Answer 17

VIRAL SPECIES

Question 18

three hypotheses on the origin of viruses:

Answer 18

(1) They arose from independently replicating strands of nucleic acids (such as plasmids).

(2) They developed from degenerative cells that, through many generations, gradually lost the ability to survive independently but could survive when associated with another cell.

(3) They coevolved with host cells.