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Neuroscience - Test 1 > Brain Stem and Cranial Nerves > Flashcards

Brain Stem and Cranial Nerves Flashcards

0
Q

What is the function of the brain stem?

A

Highway for afferent and efferent information between the spinal cord and brain

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1
Q

What are the three structures of the brain stem?

A

Medulla, pons, and midbrain

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2
Q

What are the four ascending tracts through the brainstem?

A

Spinothalamic, dorsal column, spinocerebellar, and trigeminal lemniscus

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3
Q

What are two main descending motor tracts?

A

Corticospinal - not modified

Corticobulbar - synapse with cranial nerves

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4
Q

What cranial nerve is located in the thalamus?

A

Optic nerve (II)

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5
Q

What cranial nerve is located in the midbrain?

A

Oculomotor nerve (III)

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6
Q

What cranial nerves are located in the pons?

A

Trigeminal nerve (V), abducens nerve (VI), and facial nerve (VII)

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7
Q

What cranial nerves are located in the medulla?

A

Trigeminal nerve (V), facial nerve (VII), vestibulococchlear nerve (VIII), glossopharyngeal nerve (IX), vagus nerve (X), and hypoglossal nerve (XII)

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8
Q

What cranial nerve is located in the spinal cord?

A

Spinal accessory nerve (XI)

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9
Q

What structure is the medulla continuous with?

A

Spinal cord

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10
Q

Where does cranial nerve V synapse?

A

Inferior medulla

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11
Q

What percentage of corticospinal tract axons cross at the medulla pyramids?

A

85%

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12
Q

What is the function of the upper medulla?

A

Sends information from the medulla to the cerebellum

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13
Q

What is the function of the medulla?

A

CV control, breathing, head movement, and swallowing

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14
Q

Where is the pons located?

A

Between the midbrain and the medulla

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15
Q

What descending tracts does the pons carry?

A

Corticospinal and corticobulbar tracts

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16
Q

What is the posterior section of the pons called?

A

Tegmentum

17
Q

Where is the origin point of the cranial nerves?

A

Lower pons

18
Q

What does the midbrain connect?

A

Pons and the diencephalon

19
Q

What are the three regions of the midbrain?

A

Basis pedunculi (ventral), tectum (middle), tegmentum (dorsal)

20
Q

What are the four main pathways of the brainstem and what type are they?

A

Corticospinal tract (descending), dorsal columns/medial lemniscus (ascending), spinothalamic tract (ascending), and spinocerebellar tract (ascending)

21
Q

What sections of the brainstem are only three of the four tracts visible?

A

Pons and midbrain - corticospinal tract, dorsal column/medial lemniscus, and spinothalamic tract

22
Q

What are the five brainstem nuclei and what are their functions?

A
  1. Ventral tegmental area - produces dopamine
  2. Pedunculopontine nucleus - influences movement
  3. Raphe nuclei - (along midline) - mood, sleep, feeding/satiety, and pain
  4. Locus ceruleus - produces norepinephrine - arousal, stress, anxiety, depression, and PTSD
  5. Medial reticular area
23
Q

What is the function of the brain stem reticular formation?

A

Regulates input and output to all parts of the CNS - control of movement, pain pathways, autonomic reflex circuitry, arousal, and consciousness

24
Q

What are the three longitudinal zones of the brain stem reticular formation and their functions?

A
  1. Midline - pain information and consciousness levels
  2. Medial - vital functions and attention
  3. Lateral - arousal
25
Q

What is the function of the reticular activating system?

A

Regulation of consciousness, sleep, alertness, and attention

26
Q

What structures are involved in anteromedial lesions of the brainstem?

A

Medulla and pons

27
Q

What structures are involved in lateral lesions of the brainstem?

A

Medulla and pons

28
Q

What structure is involved in anterior lesions of the brain stem?

A

Midbrain - specifically the corticospinal tract

29
Q

What structure is involved in tegmental lesions of the brainstem?

A

Midbrain

30
Q

What is the function of CN I?

A

Smell

31
Q

What is the function of CN II?

A

Vision

32
Q

What is the function of CN III?

A

Eye movement - superior, inferiorly, and medially

33
Q

What is the function of CN IV?

A

Eye movement - inferolaterally

34
Q

What is the function of CN V?

A

Sensory to face/head and motor to muscles of mastication

35
Q

What is the function of CN VI?

A

Eye movement - laterally

36
Q

What is the function of CN VII?

A

Sensory to tongue/ear and motor to facial muscles

37
Q

What is the function of CN VIII?

A

Hearing, balance, and position

38
Q

What is the function of CN IX?

A

Sensory to the tongue/pharyns and motor to the tongue and parotid gland

39
Q

What is the function of CN X?

A

Sensory to the pharynx/larynx/trachea/ear and motor to the pharynx/larynx/abdomen

40
Q

What is the function of CN XI?

A

Motor to the traps and SCM

41
Q

What is the function of CN XII?

A

Motor to the tongue

Neuroscience - Test 1 (7 decks)

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