Random quiz 3 questions

Question 1

Which of the following is not a reliable method for diagnosing pregnancy in 3 year old Golden Retriever bitch?

Answer 1

Serum progesterone at day 40 after ovulation

Question 2

As the fetus is moved by myometrial and abdominal contractions towards the cervix, it dilates the cervix and moves into the pelvic canal. This initiates the Ferguson reflex. What best describes this reflex?

Answer 2

Spinal neural pathways lead to release of oxytocin from posterior pituitary

Question 3

Which of the following is in contact with the epidermis of an 8 month old bovine fetus?

Answer 3

Amnion

Question 4

A client who owns a warmblood mare asks how soon after mating can her mare have a pregnancy test? What technique will provide the quickest more reliable test for pregnancy status in this mare?

Answer 4

Ultrasonography

Question 5

With regard to lactation in the bitch, which of the following is true regarding how many pairs of teats a bitch has? How many teat openings do the teats have

Answer 5

Has 4-5 pairs of teats (8-10 teats) each with 2 or more teat openings

Question 6

In mares, what is the # of teats and # of teat openings.
Changes in _ concentrations can be used to predict day of foaling?

Answer 6

A mare has 2 teats (1 pair) each with 2 teat openings
Changes in concentrations of calcium, sodium and potassium in milk can be used to predict day of foaling
An average mare produces 10L or more of milk per day

Question 7

Which of the following best describes the events during Stage 3 of Parturition?

Answer 7

Placental separation and passage into the vagina

Question 8

You are on a dairy farm to treat a 3 year old Holstein cow that is currently producing 30L of milk per day. Yesterday she injured her right hind teat canal. Which of the following best explains why the injury in the teat canal is important?

Answer 8

muscles close the teat canal the main physical barrier against contamination of the mammary gland

Question 9

What enhances contractability by myometrial cells during late pregnancy?

Answer 9

Increased area of gap junctions between cells
Contractions are also increased by PGF2a (prostaglandin)

Question 10

Where is sperm storage in domestic animals?

Answer 10

Ampulla

Question 11

the sequence of events involves in the milk let down reflex

Answer 11

1 Stimulation of teat sensory neurones
2 Transmission along sensory nerves to the spinal cord
3 Posterior pituitary gland stimulation to release oxytocin
4 Elevated levels of oxytocin in the external pudendal artery
5 Contraction of myoepithelial cells surrounding the alveoli
6 Milk flows through the ducts into the gland and teat cisterns

Question 12

How long does it take to reach the fallopian tubes for the spermatozoan most likely to initiate Fertilisation

Answer 12

2-4 minutes

Question 13

Hormone produced during early pregnancy as a pregnancy recognition factor?

Answer 13

Eostrogen

Question 14

In an experiment to investigate fertility in 2 groups of cows (10 per group) were mated to the same fertile bull. Group A were mated once 8-12 hours prior to ovulation and Group B cows were mated once 8-12 hours after ovulation. Which of the following pregnancy rates for Groups A & B would be most likely?

Answer 14

Results from A (mated prior to ovulation) would be higher than B (mated after ovulation)

Question 15

Which of the following best describes the process of maternal zygote transition in an embryo? This process is where an embryo ..

Answer 15

Activates its own genome transcription mechanisms to become self-sufficient in the production of mRNA and proteins

Question 16

Polyspermy will normally result in

Answer 16

Early embryonic death. Polyspermy = multiple sperm in 1 oocyte

Question 17

You are on a dairy farm to pregnancy test 20 cows. The cows were artificially inseminated between 6 and 10 weeks earlier. In this group of cows, which of the following signs of pregnancy is MOST ACCURATE in distinguishing pregnant from non-pregnant cows?

Answer 17

Membrane slip (detection of the chorioallantois)

Question 18

By day 7 after fertilization the majority of the cells in a bovine blastocyst have differentiated into cells which form the future…

Answer 18

Placenta
- 2 layers are trophectoderm and the mesoderm

Question 19

In domestic farm animal species (pigs, sheep, cows, horses) at what period after ovulation does maternal recognition of pregnancy occur?

Answer 19

Between day 10-16 at the time of maximal progesterone levels

Question 20

What is the function of the placentome?

Answer 20

Gas exchange

Question 21

Which of the following genes is responsible for initiating development of the male reproductive system?

Answer 21

SRY

Question 22

What type of tissue lines the teat (or streak) canal?

Answer 22

Epidermis

Question 23

This picture is a transrectal ultrasonogram image of the right uterine horn of a 4-year-old Holstein cow. Which of the following is the most accurate of the gestational age of the foetus?

Answer 23

40-50 days (about 3 months - rat size for a cow)
- small cat would be about 4 months, large cat would be 5 months

• for dogs: small ball would be about 3-4wks, looking more developed but still small = 5-6wks

Question 24

For a bitch in Stage 2 of parturition, is it a problem is pup is not born within 2 hours of constant abdominal contraction?

Answer 24

YES

Question 25

What type of placenta is shown in the photograph below (placenta forms a ring around the centre of the chorioallantois)

Answer 25

Zonary

Question 26

In a blastocyst what cell type is the precursor to placental cells?

Answer 26

Trophoblast / Trophectoderm

Question 27

What best represents Stage 1 of parturition?

Answer 27

Cervical dilation, increased uterine contractions, maternal behavioural changes

Question 28

What best approximates the proportion of spermatozoa that reach the site of fertilization in domestic animals?

Answer 28

<1%

Question 29

What best explains why insemination of a mare 24 hours after ovulation results in very low conception rates

Answer 29

Equine oocytes more than 12 hours old have a reduced probability of developing into a viable conceptus

Question 30

In pigs, what is the molecule that provides the signal to the sow to enable maternal recognition of pregnancy

Answer 30

Oestrogen / Estrogen / Oestradiol / Estradiol

Question 31

In which of the following animals will a SINGLE injection of 2ml (10mg) Prostaglandin F2a (Lutalyse) induce abortion at BOTH 50 and 100 days of pregnancy?
- Sows
- Ewes
- Bitch
- Does (female deer)

Answer 31

• Sows and does

Question 32

After several (3 or 4 or more) lactations what structural changes can occur to the teat canal?

Answer 32

Sphincter muscle may weaken and the streak canal may lengthen

Question 33

After hatching, blastocyst morphology remains spherical until placenta formation in which domestic species?

Answer 33

Horse/mare

Question 34

Approximately how many days after fertilization do embryos from domestic animals reach the uterus?

Answer 34

Day 5-7 approximately, blastocyte will be formed usually day 5 onwards
- cow = 7-12, ewe: 4-10, mare: 6-8, bitch: 10-12days

Question 35

As the foetus is moved by myometrial and abdominal contractions towards the cervix, it dilates the cervix and moves into the pelvic canal. This initiates the Ferguson reflex. What best describes this reflex?

Answer 35

Ferguson = Oxytocin
Spinal neural pathways lead to release of oxytocin from the posterior pituitary

Question 36

What best describes the process of embryo migration in domestic animals?

Answer 36

In mares there is blastocyst migration between horns to increase uptake of histotroph followed by fixation at Day 15

Question 37

In the developing embryo 3 germ cell layers rise to the different organs and tissue types. Muscle tissue and the kidneys are derived from which germ cell layer?

Answer 37

Mesoderm

Question 38

Which of the following best describes the events during Stage 3 of parturition?

Answer 38

Placental separation and passage into the vagina

Question 39

A farmer presents a cow to you that he suggests should be 7 months pregnant. You initially palpate the entire pelvic cavity and can only feel the cervix at the cranial edge of the pubis. What should you attempt to find to give the farmer a definitive diagnosis?

Answer 39

2 or more placentomes approximately 6-8 cm in diameter