1.2.1 bacteria, archeobacteria and viruses

Question 1

When did first prokaryotes appear?

Answer 1

3.5 bilion

Question 2

which bacteria strain is resistant to antibiotics?

Answer 2

Vincomycin Resistant Enterococcus

Question 3

which bacteria strain reproduces in cold meat…

Answer 3

listeria

Question 4

Define biofilms

Answer 4

Bacteria produce coordinated layers on surfaces like medical implants by chemical communication

Question 5

What is the chemical communication used by bacteria when creating a biofilm?

Answer 5

Quorum sensing

Question 6

what are nitrogen fixing bacteria?

Answer 6

they convert atmospheric nitrogen into organic NH4

Question 7

where are nitrogen fixing bacteria found living symbiotically?

Answer 7

Nodes in the roots and stems of plants, esp. the legumes

Question 8

What creates lichens?

Answer 8

Cyanobacteria forming associations with ferns or fungi

Question 9

What are two important bacterial diseases in plants?

Answer 9

Blight in beans

Crown gall

Question 10

What is crown gall used for?

Answer 10

used by scientists to insert DNA plasmids for GMO

Question 11

what are the three cell forms of bacteria?

Answer 11

Baccili, cocci, spirilla

Question 12

what is the cell wall made of in bacteria?

Answer 12

peptidoglycan

Question 13

what may be present in the capsule of the bacteria?

Answer 13

lipopolysaccharide

Question 14

how does the ribosome of the bacteria differ from eukaryotes?

Answer 14

Has a 70s ribosome

Question 15

What is the site of respiration and bacterial photosynthesis for bacteria?

Answer 15

Plasma Meembrane

Question 16

How can you test to see if there is a lipopolysaccharide on the membrane of a bacteria?

Answer 16

a dye is infused that will not bind to certain cells if they have a lipopolysaccharide alyer

Question 17

Define heterotrophes

Answer 17

Consume organic molecules- include decomposers, disease organisms

Question 18

Chemo-autotrophes need a definition

Answer 18

make their own organic molecules by redox reactions

Question 19

Photoautotrophes?

Answer 19

Make their organic molecules from photosynthesis

Question 20

What is primitive about early bacterial photosynthesis? (5)

Answer 20

1. Only one light reaction
2. light energy used was far red
3. only atp is made
4. Requires H2S to make carbs
5. No O2 produced

Question 21

How does the blue green algae version of photosynthesis trump the earlier version? (3)

Answer 21

1. two light reactions
2. waste product is O2
3. Higher energy available allows for removal of H from water to make carbs

Question 22

What characterizes cyanobacteria? (4)

Answer 22

have advanced capsule
Filamentous or unicellular algae based
CHL A, carotene, and phycocyanin
No chloroplast

Question 23

Describe the ecology of the cyanobacteria

Answer 23

a major contaminant in eutrophic ponds and lakes

Question 24

What is the blue accessory pigment to Chl A?

Answer 24

phycocyanin

Question 25

What are stromatolites?

Answer 25

Early coral like structures formed by cyano that fix Ca

Question 26

Name the two toxins produced by blue green algae during algal blooms

Answer 26

anatoxin and mycocystin

Question 27

Which domain was recently recognized as a separate group of bacteria?

Answer 27

archeobacteria

Question 28

give two examples of archeobacteria adapted to extreme environments

Answer 28

halophiles and thermophiles