1.3.2 true fungi Flashcards Preview

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Flashcards in 1.3.2 true fungi Deck (26)
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1
Q

what is a hypha?

A

The white filamentous strands that make up the mycelium, used for growth by fungus

2
Q

what is the mycelium?

A

the vegetative part of the fungus (sort of like roots), and they consist of of hyphae.

3
Q

5 physical characteristics of true fungi

A
chitin in cell wall
lack centrioles
growth by hyphae
reproduction by spores
glycogen reserve
4
Q

name two diseases that fungi are responsible for on plants

A

smut on corn

leafspot disease on soybean (cercospora, phototoxic fungi)

5
Q

what are fungi a very important source for?

A

active natural products

6
Q

what is the most carcinogenic natural product known?

A

aflatoxin

7
Q

voimitoxin is found in what

A

ear and root rots of corn

8
Q

what is an example of a fungal hallucinogen? (hint, found on rye)

A

lysergic acid, whcih is produced by ergot fungi

9
Q

what did the mexicans call the magic mushroom?

A

teonanacatl = the flesh of the gods

10
Q

what are the effects of magic mushrooms?

A

they cause: pupil dilation, visual and auditory hallucinations, and muscle weakness.

11
Q

what is cyclosporin?

A

a fungal derived antirejection drug

12
Q

what are three things that fungi are used for?

A
  1. disease organisms
  2. natural products
  3. fermentation products
13
Q

what are the four divisions of true fungi?

A

chytrids, bread molds, cup fungi, mushrooms and rust

14
Q

what are 3 things that make chytrids distinctive?

A
  1. motile zoospores and gametes with flagella
  2. the primitive group that other fungi evolved from
  3. thought to be pathogen that has dropped frog population
15
Q

what are saprophytes?

A

An organism, especially a fungus or bacterium, that derives its nourishment from dead or decaying organic matter.

16
Q

what is a septa?

A

a crosswall between cells

17
Q

what distinctions do bread molds have? (3)

A
  1. most are saprophytes
  2. few septa in hyphae
  3. distinctive life cycle with zygospore
18
Q

define “mycorrhizae”

A

a symbiotic association of the mycelium of a fungus, especially a basidiomycete, with the roots of certain plants, in which the hyphae form a closely woven mass around the rootlets or penetrate the cells of the root.

19
Q

what is definitive of cup fungi? (3)

A
  1. many serious plant diseases such as dutch elm disease and chestnut blight
  2. they have the truffles and blue molds (penicillin)
  3. distinctive ascus
20
Q

what is an ascus?

A

a sac, typically cylindrical in shape, in which the spores of ascomycete fungi develop.

21
Q

what is a well-known example of a unicellular ascomycete?

A

yeast

22
Q

what family do rusts and mushrooms belong in?

A

basidomycetes

23
Q

what are the main function of mushrooms?

A

decomposers

24
Q

what are the main function of rusts?

A

parasites on living plants, especially cereals

25
Q

what is really distinctive about the life cycle of rust?

A

they need two different specific species to reproduce, so if you take one of the plants away, you get rid of rust

26
Q

where does a clamp connection occur

A

growing hyphae