12.1 Sampling Techniques and Misuses of Statistics

Question 1

Data

Answer 1

Any collection of numbers, characters, images or other items that provide information about something

Question 2

Descriptive statistics

Answer 2

Concerned with the collection, organization, and analysis of data

Question 3

Inferential statistics

Answer 3

Concerned with making generalizations or predictions from the

Question 4

Statistics

Answer 4

About how to think clearly with data

Question 5

Population

Answer 5

All items or people of interest

Question 6

Samples

Answer 6

A subset of the population

Question 7

Unbiased sample

Answer 7

A sample that is a small replica of the entire population with regard to income, education, gender, age, race, sexual orientation, religion, political affiliation, etc

Question 8

Random sampling

Answer 8

Each item in a population has a chance of being chosen

Question 9

Systematic sampling

Answer 9

Obtained by selecting a random starting point and then selecting every nth item in the population

Question 10

Cluster sampling

Answer 10

Involves randomly selecting a group (or cluster), then surveying each member within that group

Question 11

Stratified sampling

Answer 11

A population is divided into homogenous groups (strata), then randomly surveying members within each group

Question 12

Convenience sampling

Answer 12

Uses data that are easily or readily obtained

Question 13

In a study of patients with cold symptoms, each patient was found to have improved symptoms after taking honey. Therefore, honey cures the common cold.

Answer 13

Not a real experiment; cannot determine

Question 14

80% of all automobile accidents occur within 10 miles of the driver’s home. Therefore, it’s safer to take longer trips.

Answer 14

Misleading; they may only drive within 10 miles