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Hacking your Health > Week 4 - The Cardiovascular System > Flashcards

Week 4 - The Cardiovascular System Flashcards

1
Q

what is homeostasis?

A

maintaining a relatively constant internal environment in the face of a constantly changing external environment

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2
Q

what is the core concept in physiology?

A

homeostasis

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3
Q

what are examples of physiological variables?

A

body temp, blood composition, heart rate, red blooc cell concentration

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4
Q

what causes variation in physiological state?

A

sex, age, fasted/fed and exercise/red

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5
Q

how is homeostasis regulated?

A

nervous and endocrine system

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6
Q

what is the nervous system vs endocrine system?

A

nervous - transmits signals along dedicated pathways within seconds
endocine - signalling via hormones over long time and long-lasting

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7
Q

where are hormones transported?

A

blood

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8
Q

how many types of blood vessels are there?

A

5

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9
Q

what are the names of the 2 cardiovascular loops?

A

pulmonary and systemic circulation

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10
Q

what way is a heart depicted on paper?

A

the left side of the heart is depicted on the right, (it is the persons left)

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11
Q

which chamber of the heart is thicker and why?

A

left side (on right side of diagram) because it is pumping blood out of the heart

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12
Q

what percentage of our total body weight does the blood make up?

A

8%

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13
Q

average blood volume in the body?

A

5 litres in women, 5.5 in men

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14
Q

what are leukocytes?

A

white blood cells

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15
Q

what makes up the most of blood?

A

55% plasma

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16
Q

what makes up 45% of blood?

A

erthyrocytes - red blood cells

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17
Q

what blood vessels emerge from ventricles?

A

arteries

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18
Q

what blood vessels emerge from atria?

A

veins

19
Q

in what order is blood pumped out of the ventricles?

A

ventricle, artery, arteriole, capillary, venule, vein, atrium

20
Q

what benefit is smooth muscle to blood vessels?

A

contraction and relaxation - allow change of diameter

21
Q

what is it called when a blood vessel contracts?

A

vasoconstriction

22
Q

what happens when a blood vessel contracts?

A

blood vessels narrow, blood pressure increases

23
Q

what is it called when a blood vessel relaxes?

A

vasodilation

24
Q

what happens when a blood vessel relaxes?

A

more blood can flow through, blood pressure decreases

25
Q

give an example of vasdilation

A

when temperature increases, blood vessels widen and during exercise

26
Q

give an example of vasconstriction

A

when temperature drops

27
Q

where does blood go following systemic circulation?

A

it goes into right atrium, then ventricle, contraction pushes blood out of pulmonary artery

28
Q

where does blood go following pulmonary circulation

A

it has been oxygenated in the lungs and enters left atrium and then ventricle, contraction forces blood out of aorta beginning systemic circulation

29
Q

what causes contraction in the heart?

A

electrical currents

30
Q

the heart is autorhythmic, what does this mean?

A

it will still beat without nerve connections

31
Q

how does the heart generate its own pulse?

A

pacemaker cells in SA node

32
Q

where is SA node?

A

right atrium

33
Q

describe electrical current and blood flow in heart:

A

blood enters atria, SA node initiates contraction and blood enters ventricles, purkinje fibres initiate contraction of blood out of heart through artery

34
Q

what is it called when heart chambers contract?

A

systole

35
Q

what is it called when heart chambers relax?

A

diastole

36
Q

how long is cardiac cycle?

A

0.8 seconds

37
Q

what is the heart rate when cardiac cyle is 0.8sec long?

A

60/0.8 = 75bpm

38
Q

describe the flow of blood

A

unidirectional

39
Q

what does the lup dup heart sound come from?

A

valves opening and closing

40
Q

in an ECG what does P wave represent?

A

artial excitation/ systole

41
Q

in an ECG what does QRS complex represent?

A

ventricular excitation/ systole

42
Q

in ECG what does T wave represent?

A

Resting state return

43
Q

what does ECG allow?

A

testing for cardiac abnormalities

44
Q

why is the body a good conductor of electricity?

A

blood is full of electrodes

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