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Hacking your Health > Week 4 - Cardiovascular System and Exercise > Flashcards

Week 4 - Cardiovascular System and Exercise Flashcards

1
Q

what is stroke volume?

A

the amount of blood ejected from ventricle during each heart beat

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2
Q

what is the average SV?

A

60-100ml

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3
Q

what is the cardiac output?

A

heart rate x stroke volume (HRXSV)

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4
Q

What is the average cardiac output?

A

5 litres per minute

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5
Q

what happens CO during exercise?

A

it increases

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6
Q

how much blood is circulated at rest?

A

10 litres, twice our blood volume

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7
Q

what is CO when SV= 70ml and HR=70bpm?

A

4900ml ~ 4.9L

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8
Q

What happens SV during exercise?

A

it increases slowly up until 150 watts and then decreases

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9
Q

what happens HR during exercise?

A

it increases proportionally with work load up until 200 watts

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10
Q

what happens CO during exercise?

A

it increases at a fast rate proportionally to work load increase - we need more oxygen and more blood flow to collect CO2

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11
Q

what drives CO?

A

SV and HR

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12
Q

what drives CO in light exercise?

A

HR and SV

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13
Q

what drives CO in strenuous exercise?

A

HR alone

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14
Q

what 3 key physiological variables within cardiovascular system that change with exercise?

A

SV, HR and CO

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15
Q

what controls where and when blood flows?

A

vas constriction and dilation

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16
Q

why at rest does kidneys get alot of blood flow?

A

they filter blood

17
Q

where does blood flow go when exercising?

A

skeletal muscle is prioritised

18
Q

why does total peripheral resistance TPR change during strenuous exercise?

A

more dilation than constriction

19
Q

what is TPR?

A

the overall resistance to blood flow

20
Q

does blood flow in brain change?

A

no

21
Q

what happens CO in resistance exercise?

A

it increases much slower than aerobic exercise

22
Q

what happens TPR during resistance exercise?

A

there is no major vasdialation compared to aerobic exercise, therefore no change occurs

23
Q

what happens blood pressure during resistance exercise?

A

it increases faster than it does for aerobic

24
Q

what happens the CVS during resistance training continuously?

A

heart increases in muscle size
skeletal muscles increase
resistance to fatigue

25
Q

what is hypertrophy?

A

muscle growth

26
Q

what happens the CVS in aerobic training?

A

size of chambers increase, thickness does not
resting heart rate decreases
SV increases
blood volume increases

27
Q

why does heart change shape in response to exercise?

A

it is a physiological response to attempt to maintain homeostasis and increase efficiency

28
Q

how does space effect heart shape?

A

muscle mass decreases
it becomes spherical and less efficient due to lack of gravity

29
Q

what are CVS variables in elite althetes at rest?

A

low HR and high SV at rest

30
Q

what is systolic pressure?

A

highest pressure in artery

31
Q

what is diastolic pressure?

A

lowest pressure in artery

32
Q

what is arterial measured in?

A

mm/Hg

33
Q

what causes increase in BP?

A

stress, no exercise, fatty diet, salty diet, smoking

34
Q

how do we recognise hypertension?

A

systolic pressure>130mmHg
diastolic pressure<90mmHg

35
Q

how do we get rid of hypertension?

A

reduce blood volume and cardiac output

36
Q

what do beta blockers do?

A

reduce CO

37
Q

what do alpha blockers do?

A

reduce TPR

38
Q

what is the leading cause of death?

A

CDV - cardiovascular disease

39
Q

benefits of exercise for CVS?

A

decreases BP
decreases fat in blood
decreases bad cholesterol LDL
hardens arteries - strengthens them
maintains heart muscle

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