2021 Coasts and Diverse Places Flashcards
Explain how changes in sea level have produced different coastlines (6)
Sea level change can be eustatic or isostatic.
Eustatic change is global from factors like glacier melting due to enhanced climate variability.
Isostatic change due to tectonics.
Sea level change can cause two different coastline - emergent and submergent.
Emergent with raised beaches and submergent with rias and dalmation coasts.
The figure shows that between 140,000 and 120,000 had risen from -140m to 0m indicating an example of submergence
The figure then shows between 120,000 and 30,000 to -80m and then sharply to -140m which is an example of emergence
Suggest why urban places have different population growth rates (6)
In the last 50 years, the population has been growing, however there has been an uneven distribution within the country with things such as the South East drift and internal migration.
Places where there is more economic development have had a higher population density than places that are less developed.
Different areas have different population growth rates dependent on the services provided. For example, cities like London have many TNCS and shops so many job opportunities. Therefore more stable/consistent income, that can provide for daily necessities and service hence higher chance of bringing up family.
In addition, out migration is likely to be occurring as urban cities attract job availabilities leading to growth in urban areas and a reduction in population in rural areas, such as in Sunderland.
It can also be culture segregation in urban areas. When migrants migrate to the UK, they mainly settle in urban areas where
Evaluate the view that coastal management policies are mainly based on economic judgements (20)
Economic judgements play a vital role in deciding which coastal management policies are adopted.
If an area of high property value is present then more sustainable management is used. For example, Thames barrier - a form of hard engineering to protect the city of London where most of the economy is placed whereas some coastlines in Dorset may not be protected.
In addition, the comparison of local area economy and economy on management is important. For example, isostatic sea level rise can cause problems in areas like Slapton. Sea level rise can cause damage to ridges and potentially original coastal management. This is needed to be rebuilt to protect the area but constant management can causes roads like the A379 which is the only trading road in the area becomes narrow effecting their economy. Therefore there needs to be a discussion to what extent is economy being spent on coastal management in this area beneficial when it could possibly cause a negative reaction to another problem.
On the other hand, economic judgements aren’t always the main cause. Political factors can also provide a fundamental role, the local government need to ensure that there is accessibility between different areas along the coast and check whether coastal management can hinder this or whether there is a high necessity for hard engineering sea defences to protect things like the Easington Gas Terminal or Dalwish Railway Lines which a large population/nationally rely on.
In addition, economic judgements may not always be beneficial for coastal management rather engineering solutions may be more vital. For example, Leslie’s Pier in Portballintrae was build to diffract incoming waves and potentially prevent flooding in the area however the waves was diverted and had attacked the centre of the bay. This lead to a beach being deprived of sand, hence suggesting that spending money on protection schemes isn’t useful if there is no engineering judgement behind it.
Evaluate the reasons why changes in land use in diverse places are often controversial. (20)
Land use in diverse places can be seen differently by different groups of people depending on their lived experiences and perceptions of places. Outsiders opinions, time, age, ethnicity all play a factor into the controversy behind land use in diverse places.
For example, in Dewsbury, it used to be a Christian dominated town with a day to day life of Yorkshire people. However recently, a large Muslim community have moved into the area and has changed the land use and services provided causing the original residents to feel displaced.
