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ZOO 201 > The Vertebrates > Flashcards

The Vertebrates Flashcards

1
Q

relatives of chordates

A
  1. phylum echinodermata
  2. phylum hemichordata
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2
Q

basal group within the deuterostome lineage and sister to the chordates

A

ambulacraria

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3
Q

3 characteristics of ambulacraria

A
  1. tripartite coelom
  2. similar larval forms
  3. axial complex
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4
Q

tripartite coelom

A
  1. perivisceral
  2. hydrocoel
  3. hermal
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5
Q

2 similar larval forms

A
  1. bipinnaria
  2. tornaria
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6
Q

axial complex

A

specialized metanephridium

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7
Q

similarities of echinoderms and chordates

A
  1. shared deuterostome development
  2. both ambulacrarians (Echinoderms and hemichordates)
  3. have similar larvae
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8
Q

share numerous developmental similarities with both chordates and echinoderms and hold great promise for providing insights into early origins of both chordate and deuterostome development

A

hemichordates

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9
Q

invertebrate chordates

A

photochordates

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10
Q

4 characteristics of chordates

A
  1. notochord
  2. dorsal hollow nerve cord
  3. post-anal tail
  4. pharyngeal slits
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11
Q

represent the most basally divergent lineage of chordates, being the sister group of urochordates and vertebrates

A

cephalochordates (Amphioxus)

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12
Q

constitute a large group of marine animals whose recent common ancestry with vertebrates is reflected in their tadpole-like larvae

A

urochordates (Tunicates)

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13
Q

body plan of vertebrates

A
  1. head
  2. neural tube
  3. notochord
  4. trunk
  5. tail
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14
Q

classification of vertebrates

A
  1. superclass agnatha
  2. superclass gnathostomata
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15
Q

2 classes under superclass agnatha

A
  1. class myxini (hagfish)
  2. class cephalaspidomorphi (lamprey)
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16
Q

7 classes under superclass gnasthomata

A
  1. class chondrichthyes
  2. class actinopterygii (ray-finned fish)
  3. class sarcopterygii (lobe-finned fish)
  4. class amphibia
  5. class reptilia
  6. class aves
  7. class mammalia
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17
Q

unusual animals;

lampreys are ectoparasites;

hagfish are deep sea scavengers;

lack paired fins / limbs;

lack mineralized skeleton

A

agnathans

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18
Q

examples of SC Elasmobranchii under class chondrichthyes

A
  • sharks
  • ray skates
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19
Q

examples of SC Holosephali under class chondrichthyes

A
  • chimaraes
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20
Q

dominant class of vertebrates;

comprise 99% of 30k fish species;

fins supported by horny spines (rays)

A

class actinopterygii (ray-finned fish)

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21
Q

fleshy lobed fins;

includes caelacanths (Latimeria) and lung fish

A

class sarcopterygii (lobe-finned fish)

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22
Q

first vertebrate to inhabit land;

includes frog, salamanders & caecilians;

with more complicated gas exchange organs

A

class amphibia

23
Q

classification of amphibia

A
  1. order anura / salienta (frogs and toads)
  2. order caudata (salamanders and newts)
  3. order apoda / gymnophiona (caecilans)
24
Q

7,000 + species;

first vertebrate to possess amnion;

includes creeping, burrowing terrestial animals,

ectotherms, with dry skin and scales;

includes lizard, snakes, turtles and crocodiles

A

class reptilia

25
Q

classification of class reptilia

A
  1. order rhynchocephalia
  2. order squamata (snakes & lizards)
  3. order testudines / chelonia (turtles & tortoises)
  4. order crocodilia (alligators & crocodiles)
26
Q

very primitive reptiles;

lizard-like, with well developed parietal eye

A

order rhynchoocephalia

27
Q

most successful and diverse group of living reptiles

A

order squamata

28
Q

modern reptiles;

possess a hard dorsal shell

A

order testudines / chelonia (turtles & tortoises)

29
Q

true reptiles;

includes 21 species;

order most closely related too dinosaurs

A

order crocodilia (alligators & crocodiles)

30
Q

Caiman

A

alligator

31
Q

Gavial

A

crocodile

32
Q

evolved from dinosaurs during mesozoic era;

amniotic eggs and scales (legs);

adapted for flight;

endotherms

A

class aves

33
Q

selected orders under class aves

A
  1. order passeriformes
  2. order strigiformes
  3. order galliformes
  4. order sphenisciformes
34
Q

largest avian order;

69 faamilies of perching birds;

with four toes, three directed toward and one backward

A

order passeriformes

35
Q

members possess large head with fixed eyes directed forward;

raptorial foot;

200 species

A

class aves

36
Q

includes heavy-bodied ground-feeding birds

A

order galliformes

37
Q

group of aquatic flightless birds;

heavy bodied and with well insulated fat;

exclusively found in the Southern Hemisphere except for Galapagos penguin found in the north of the equator

A

Order Sphenisciformes

38
Q

evolved from mammal-like reptiles called THERAPSIDS;

mammary gland and hair;

specialized teeth;

endotherms;

viviparous;

large brain

A

class mammalia

39
Q

2 sublcasses under class mammalia

A
  1. subclass protheria
  2. subclass theira
40
Q

3 infraclass under subclass theira

A
  1. infraclass ornithodelphia
  2. infraclass metheteria
  3. infraclass eutheria
41
Q

this subclass formerly contained the monotremes;

currently contains only extinct species

A

subclass protheira

42
Q

technical characteristics of the skull distinguish members of this subclass

A

subclass theria

43
Q

technical characteristics of the skull distinguish the members of this infraclass, monotremes

A

infraclass ornithodelphia

44
Q

viviparous;

primitive placenta;

young are born early and often are carried in a marsupial pouch on the female’s belly;

Marsupials

A

infraclass metetheria

45
Q

complex placenta; young develop to advanceed stage prior to birth;

Placentals

A

infraclass Eutheria

46
Q

early branch from reptilian line;

egg laying mammals (oviaparous);

include platypus & ehidna (spiny anteater)

A

Monotremes

47
Q

do not develop placentas;

give birth to young very early;

mammary glands found in pouch;

nourish young until development is complete

A

Marsupials

48
Q

complete embryonic development in uterus;

embryos are joined to parent by organ called placenta

A

Placental mammals

49
Q

10 orders of placental mammals (included in reporting)

A
  1. order xenartha
  2. order pholidota
  3. order lagomorpha
  4. order macroscelidea
  5. order scandentia
  6. order dermoptera
  7. order cetacea
  8. order tubulidentata
  9. order hyracoidea
  10. order sirenia
50
Q

8 orders of placental mammals not included in reporting

A
  1. order rodentia
  2. order primates
  3. order ciroptera
  4. order carnivora
  5. order insectivora
  6. order artiodactyla
  7. order perissodactyla
  8. order proboscidea
51
Q

phylogeny of bilateria metazoa

A
  1. clade loophotrochozoa
  2. clade ecdysozoa
  3. clade deuterostomia
52
Q

5 phyla under clade lophptrochozoa

A
  1. annelida
  2. mollusca
  3. brachiopoda
  4. nemertea
  5. platyhelminthes
53
Q

5 phyla under clade ecdysozoa

A
  1. arthropoda
  2. onychophora
  3. nematoda
  4. priapula
  5. kinorhyncha
54
Q

3 phyla under clade deuterostomia

A
  1. echinodermata
  2. hemichordata
  3. chordata

ZOO 201 (16 decks)

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