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zoo 201 > Integumentary System > Flashcards

Integumentary System Flashcards

1
Q

serves as the animals’ first line of defense (also for offense)

A

integument

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2
Q

integument could be:

A
  • thin
  • thick
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3
Q

integument of protozoans

A
  • pellicle
  • cell membrane
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4
Q

thick protein coat

A

pellicle

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5
Q

integument of porifera

A
  • pinacocytes
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6
Q

flat T cells on the skin of sponges

A

pinacocytes

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7
Q

pinacocytes are lined with ______

A

choanocytes

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8
Q

integument of cnidaria

A
  • cnidocytes
  • nerve cells
  • interstitial cells
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9
Q

stinging cells with nematocysts

A

cnidocytes

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10
Q

trigger motor responses

A

nerve cells

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11
Q

unspecialized cells that are not active by default, but serve as replacements for dead cells

A

interstitial cells

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12
Q

integument of platyhelminthes

A
  • single layer of ciliated cells (free-living form)
  • syncytial layer that lacks cilia (parasitic form)
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13
Q

integument of nematoda

A
  • cuticle
  • epidermis / hypodermis
  • muscle layer
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14
Q

epidermis . hypoderms of nematoda

A
  • syncytial
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15
Q

muscle layer of nematoda

A

longitudinal muscles

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16
Q

integument of annelida

A
  • cuticle
  • epidermis
  • muscle layers
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17
Q

cuticle of annelida

A

not molted

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18
Q

epidermis of annelida

A

setae / chaetae

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19
Q

muscle layers of annelida

A
  • longitudinal
  • circular
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20
Q

integument of of arthropoda

A
  • exoskeleton / cuticle
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21
Q

the exoskeleton / cuticle of arthropoda are composed of

A

protein and chitin

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22
Q

integument of mollusca

A
  • epidermis
  • gland cells
  • shells of calcium
  • chromatophores
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23
Q

gland cells secretes ______

A

mucus

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24
Q

integument of echinodermata

A
  • dermis
  • “spiny skinned”
  • thin skin covers endoskeleton
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24
Q

integument of echinodermata

A
  • dermis
  • “spiny skinned”
  • thin skin covers endoskeleton
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25
Q

thin skin that covers endoskeleton

A
  • tiny calcified plates and spines
  • ossicles
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26
Q

ossicles refers to _____

A

skeletal plate

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27
Q

between the body and its external environment, and its structure is well adapted for local functional requirements

A

skin

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28
Q

biological activities of amphibian skin peptides

A
  • anti-predation
  • mating
  • anti-microbic
  • anti-parasitism
  • neuronedocrine regulation
  • analgesia
  • wound-healing
  • antioxidant
  • immunoregulation
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29
Q

anuran amphibians

A
  • Surinam horned frog
  • American common toad
  • Lake titicaca frog
  • Hairy frog
  • Diploid, tropical clawed frog
  • Tetraploid, South African clawed toad
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30
Q

has numerous hyperkeratotic regions manifested as denticles, head horns, and ‘claws’ (arrows)

A

Surinam horned frog (Ceratophrys cornuta)

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31
Q

found world-wide in non-polar regions except Australia

A

American Common toad (Bufo anericana)

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32
Q

has dubious distinction of being a voracious, invasive pest whose skin secretion are lethal to many potential predators

A

Cane toad (B. marinus)

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33
Q

its ‘typically frog-like’ skin is thrown into folds (arrows) that act as accessory respiratory devices

A

Lake Titicaca Frog (Telmatobious culeus)

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34
Q

has so-called ‘hairs’ on the lateral body and femoral regions that also act as accessory respiratory devices

A

Hairy Frog (Trichobatrachus robustus)

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35
Q

layers of the epidermis (human skin)

A
  • stratum corneum
  • stratum lucidum
  • stratum granulosum
  • stratum spinosum
  • stratum basale
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36
Q

most superficial layer of the epidermis

A

stratum coneum

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37
Q

only in thick skin

A

stratum lucidum

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38
Q

deepest layer of the epidermis

A

stratum basale

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39
Q

(layers of epidermis wherein)

cells are dead; represented only by flat membranous sacs filled with keratin. Glycolipids in extracellular space

A

stratum corneum

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40
Q

(layers of epidermis wherein)

cells are flattened; organelles detoriating; cytoplasm full of lamellated granules (release lipids) and keratohyaline granules

A

stratum granulosum

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41
Q

(layers of epidermis wherein)

cells contain thick undles of intermediate ilaments made of pre-keratin

A

stratum spinosum

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42
Q

(layers of epidermis wherein)

cells are actively mitotic stem cells; some newly formed cell become part of the more superficial layers

A

stratum basale

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43
Q

skin correlates of the epidermis

A
  • callous
  • blisters
  • sin infections/disorders
  • skin cancer
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44
Q

due to constant rubbing of skin - cell division is stimulated

A

callous

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45
Q

rubbing the skin too hard makes stratum basale to tear away from the basement membrane, and causes a gap which fills the fluid

A

blisters

46
Q

dermis: papillary layer contains ______ connective tissue

A

loose

47
Q

the papillary layer in the dermis is what forms our ______

A

fingerprints

48
Q

dermis: reticular layer contains _____ CT, ____, _____

A
  • dense irregular
  • collagen
  • elastin
49
Q

strongest layer of the dermis

A

reticular layer

50
Q

stretch marks are caused from _____ in the _____ of the dermis

A
  • tiny tears
  • collagen
51
Q

dermis contains _____, _____, _____

A
  • skin glands
  • blood vessels
  • nervous structures
52
Q

dermis contains _____, _____, _____

A
  • skin glands
  • blood vessels
  • nervous structures
53
Q

for light touch

A

Meissner’s Corpuscle

54
Q

for vibration and pressure

A

Pacinian Corpuscle

55
Q

clinical correlates of the dermis

A
  • stretch marks
  • scar
  • wrinkles
56
Q

skin is cut in / against the line of cleavage

A

scar

57
Q

skin begins to sag (due to age) because the body makes less collagen, and some is lost from sun exposure

A

wrinkles

58
Q

fat layer

A

hypodermis

59
Q

hypodermis contains _____, _____, _____

A
  • fibrous tissue
  • blood vessels
  • nerves
60
Q

hypodermis has two variations:

A
  • shins: thin
  • buttocks: thick
61
Q

2 functions of hypodermis

A
  • stores fat
  • cushions and insulation from cold because of heat produced by the larger blood vessels in this layers
62
Q

clincal correlates of hypodermis

A
  • fat belly
  • burns (up to 3rd degree)
63
Q

surgical procedure of removing fats in the region

A

lipouction

64
Q

minor burn to the epidermis; sunburn

A

1st degree burn

65
Q

dermis separates from epidermis; blister

A

2nd degree

66
Q

dermis separates from epidermis; blister

A

2nd degree

67
Q

hypodermis is burned

A

3rd degree

68
Q

most sever type of burn

A

3rd degree

69
Q

glands could be:

A
  • sebaceous
  • sweat
70
Q

small glands in the skin that secretes sebum into hair follicles

A

sebaceous

71
Q

small glands in the skin that secrete sweat

A

sweat glands

72
Q

small glands in the skin that secrete sweat

A

sweat glandsfounlll,,,

73
Q

small glands in the skin that secrete sweat

A

sweat glandsfounlll,,,

74
Q

small glands in the skin that secrete sweat

A

sweat glandsfounlll,,,

75
Q

small glands in the skin that secrete sweat

A

sweat glandsfounlll,,,

76
Q

small glands in the skin that secrete sweat

A

sweat glandsfounlll,,,

76
Q

small glands in the skin that secrete sweat

A

sweat glandsfounlll,,,

76
Q

small glands in the skin that secrete sweat

A

sweat glandsfounlll,,,

76
Q

small glands in the skin that secrete sweat

A

sweat glandsfounlll,,,

76
Q

small glands in the skin that secrete sweat

A

sweat glands

77
Q

sebaceous glands are found all throughout the body except for _____

A

palms and soles

78
Q

sweat glands are found in the ____, _____, _____, ____, and ______

A
  • ear
  • eyelids
  • armpits
  • areola
  • external genitalia
79
Q

2 types of sweat glands

A
  • apocrine sweat glands
  • eccrine sweat glands
80
Q

2 types of sweat glands

A
  • apocrine sweat glands
  • eccrine sweat glands
80
Q

2 types of sweat glands

A
  • apocrine sweat glands
  • eccrine sweat glands
80
Q

2 types of sweat glands

A
  • apocrine sweat glands
  • eccrine sweat glands
81
Q

secrete oily or waxy substances

A

sebaceous glands

82
Q

sevrete viscous and odorous substance

A

sweat glands

83
Q

sebaceous glands’ secretion is composed of

A

-lactic acid
- amino acid
glucose
- traces of urea
- sodium chloride
- water

84
Q

sweat glands’ secretion is composed of

A
  • fatty acids
  • hydrocarbons
85
Q

main function of sebaceous glands

A
  • lubrication
86
Q

main function of sweat glands

A
  • controlling the temperature
  • excretion
87
Q

produced keratin (waterproof and strong)

A

keratinocyte

88
Q

used as sensory receptors for the sense of light touch

A

merkel cells

89
Q

ingest debris

A

macrophages

90
Q

produce melanin

A

malanocytes

91
Q

dark brown pigment;

the only color pigment we can produce

A

melanin

92
Q

this layer of epidermis contains actively dividing cells

A

stratum basale

93
Q

cells are made in the stratum basale, the ____ cells get pushed up and become the next layer in the _____

A
  • older cells
  • stratum spinosum
94
Q

the cells in the s. spinosum are attached to each other by _____

A

desmosomes

95
Q

unlike s. basale, s. spinosum are not ____-

A

dividing

96
Q

white blood cells that function in the immune response; made in the red bone marrow

A

langerhan’s cells

97
Q

the s. spinosum provides _____ to the epidermis

A

strength

98
Q

as more new cells are made in the s. basale, the . spinosum layer is ___ to become the s. granulosum

A

pushed up

99
Q

why do the cells in s. granulosum begin to die?

A

because they are now too far from nutriet source

100
Q

cells in s. granulosum have ____ appearance

A

grainy

101
Q

in ____ layer, the dead cells fill up with keratin

A

s. corneum

102
Q
  • the cells lose their nucleus
  • fuse to squamous sheets, which are shed from the surface in about 2 weeks
A

desquamation

103
Q

how many days does it take for a cell to mve from the stratum basale to the stratum corneum

A

15-30 days

104
Q

this layer is only on the palms and soles

A

stratum lucidum

105
Q

the s. lucidum is deep to the ____ and superficial to the _____

A
  • s. corneum
  • s. granulosum
106
Q

s. lucidum is a ____ layer that provides potection from ____

A
  • thin
  • UV radiation

zoo 201 (16 decks)

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