Q1: Components of Enzymes

Question 1

These biomolecules act as catalysts to enable biochemical reactions to occur and are regenerated intact to take part in additional reactions?

Answer 1

Enzymes

Question 2

are specific for what they will catalyze. They are reusable and commonly end in –ase (e.g. Sucrase, Lactase, Maltase).

Answer 2

Enzymes

Question 3

is a substance that increases the rate of a chemical reaction by reducing the amount of energy needed to start that reaction. This is called lowering the activation energy.

Answer 3

Catalyst

Question 4

can be thought of as a hill that must be gotten over. The amount of energy required for a certain reaction to take place.

Answer 4

Activation Energy

Question 5

Enzymes complete very specific jobs and do nothing else. They are very specific locks and the compounds they work with are the special keys.

Answer 5

Lock-and-Key Model

Question 6

The substance (reactant) an enzyme acts on is the __________.

Answer 6

Substrate

Question 7

The enzyme grabs onto the substrate with a special area called the

Answer 7

Active site

Question 8

is a specially shaped area of the enzyme that fits around the substrate

Answer 8

Active Site

Question 9

The active site is a specially shaped area of the enzyme that fits around the substrate, creating __________.

Answer 9

Enzyme-Substrate Complex

Question 10

The association of enzyme and substrate was first described by __________, the “Lock-and-Key Model”.

Answer 10

Emil Fisher

Question 11

Emil Fisher; __________, Daniel Koshland;____________.

Answer 11

Lock-and-key model, Induced Fit Model

Question 12

described that substrates are not really exactly fitted to the active site of the enzyme, there is a change in the shape of an enzyme’s active site, induced by the substrate.

Answer 12

Induced Fit Model

Question 13

___________ is when the substrate is changed. It could be broken down or combined with another molecule to make something new.

Answer 13

Catalysis

Question 14

When the substrates are transformed and no longer the same , they are now called _______.

Answer 14

Products

Question 15

This are side groups, Inorganic substances (zinc, iron) and vitamins (respectively) that are sometimes needed for proper enzymatic activity.

Answer 15

Cofactors and Coenzymes

Question 16

must be present in the quaternary structure - hemoglobin for it to pick up oxygen.

Answer 16

Iron (Fe)

Question 17

These are molecules that reduce enzyme activity.

Answer 17

Inhibitors

Question 18

2 Classifications of Inhibitors

Answer 18

Competitive and Noncompetitive Inhibitors

Question 19

are chemicals that resemble an enzyme’s normal substrate and compete with it for the active site

Answer 19

Competitive Inhibitors

Question 20

Inhibitors that do not enter the active site but bind to another part of the enzyme causing the enzyme to change its shape, which in turn alters the active site.

Answer 20

Noncompetitive Inhibitors

Question 21

Mimics the substrate competing for the active site

Answer 21

Competitive Inhibitor

Question 22

What is released or absorbed whenever chemical bonds form or are broken?

Answer 22

Energy

Question 23

Which type of reaction is more likely to occur naturally, Endothermic or Exothermic reactions?

Answer 23

Exothermic Reactions