sensation and perception

Question 1

sensation

Answer 1

perception of a physical stimuli, transmitted to the brain

Question 2

perception

Answer 2

the further organisation and interpertation of sensory information in the brain

Question 3

bottom up processing

Answer 3

physical propeties of the stimuli

Question 4

top down processing

Answer 4

how exisiting knowledge and expectation influence the interpertation

Question 5

Transduction

Answer 5

the sensory system translates stimuli into patterns of neural impulses (sensory coding) The sesory receptors recieve a physical or chemical stimuli and transmit impulses to the brain, most pass through the thalamus

Question 6

qualitative

Answer 6

the basic propeties of the stimuli

Question 7

quantitative

Answer 7

the intesity of the stimuli

Question 8

absolute threshold

Answer 8

the minimume intesity of a stimuli before being detected

Question 9

difference threshold

Answer 9

the smallest differnce between two stimuli that can be precieved

Question 10

signal recognition theory

Answer 10

either you feel something or you dont

Question 11

sensory adaptation

Answer 11

is the reduction of sesitivity to a constant level of stimuli

Question 12

synesthesia

Answer 12

combined experience, like taste and colour

Question 13

cornea (eye)

Answer 13

light enters the eye though here

Question 14

pupil

Answer 14

narrow opening in the front of the eye, contraction and dilation of the pupil determins how much light gets in

Question 15

iris

Answer 15

determins the colour of the eye and regulates the size of the pupil

Question 16

accommodation (eye)

Answer 16

when the lens is flattened it focuses on a distant object and thickens when focusing on a close object

Question 17

retina

Answer 17

where an image is formed, in the back of the eye

Question 18

rods

Answer 18

darkness and no colour

Question 19

cones

Answer 19

lightness and color

Question 20

fovea

Answer 20

a part in the eye, where it has alot of cones and no rods

Question 21

the transfer from eye to brain

Answer 21

electrical signals are generated by sensory receptors in the retina, these repetors contain photopigments. The signals converge in the ganglion cells (first neurons in the visual system)then travel in a bundle through the optic nerve to the thalamus.

Question 22

optic chiasm

Answer 22

all information from the left half of the eye goes to the right half of the brain and vice versa

Question 23

ventral stream

Answer 23

what, perception and recogniction of objects, determening colour and shape

Question 24

dorsal stream

Answer 24

where, (shark) spatial perception to determin location fo an object

Question 25

wavelengths range

Answer 25

400 to 700 nanometers

Question 26

how is color determined

Answer 26

by the length of the electromagnetic waves that reach the eye

Question 27

thrichromatic theory

Answer 27

three types of cones, red, blue, green. Blue cone is more sentive to short wave lengths, green is more sensitive to mid wave length, and red more sensitve to long waves (SML cones, short, mid, long)

Question 28

opponent process theory

Answer 28

red and green are opposite colour just liek blue and yellow. When one looks at a red image they see a green after image after looking away. This is because the recpetors for red get tired when they are active for a long time, but not the green receptors.

Question 29

hue (sight)

Answer 29

put the color of an object on the spectrum

Question 30

saturation

Answer 30

the purity of the color

Question 31

brightness

Answer 31

the intesity of color

Question 32

gestalt princeple

Answer 32

the whole is greater then the sum of its parts, the brain uses sensory information to organise it into a picture, these are proximity, similarity, continuity, closure, illusory

Question 33

distincion between figure and background

Answer 33

once the figure is percieved it is difficult to unsee it

Question 34

sightedness

Answer 34

any pattern characterised as a face will be seen as a face. the sesory system is highly sensitive to recognising faces.

Question 35

prosopagnosia

Answer 35

not being able to recognise faces

Question 36

binocular depth indicators

Answer 36

combining both eyes. signal is caused by the distance from the eyes, bith eyes have a slighty different image of the world , the brain maps two images that overlap. It enables to calculate depth, distance.

Question 37

convergence

Answer 37

the ability to move eyes inwards

Question 38

monocular depth indicaters

Answer 38

inforamtion from each eye seperatly, information about organisation. estamating the depth of an object thats far away.

Question 39

position in relation to the horizon

Answer 39

when something is far above it looks smaller

Question 40

perception of size

Answer 40

the further away the object the smaller the image

Question 41

motion perception

Answer 41

brain contains neurons that detect motion

Question 42

motion after effect

Answer 42

when one looks at a moving object for long and then at stationary it seems like the new image moves

Question 43

stroboscopic motion perception

Answer 43

illusian created when two or more slightly different images are presented in quick sessions.

Question 44

illusions

Answer 44

misinterpetation of a stimuli

Question 45

object consistency

Answer 45

when the brain percieves an object as constant, despite conflicting sensory data

Question 46

size consistency

Answer 46

one needs to know the size of the object

Question 47

shape consistency

Answer 47

one needs to know the angle from which the object is percieved

Question 48

colour consistency

Answer 48

one must compare the wavelengths of light reflected from the object with those from the background

Question 49

luminosity consistency

Answer 49

one needs to know how much light is reflected from the object and the background