Perodic Table Flashcards
How are the symbols of the elements derived?
- They are derived from the scientific name of a chemical element. Ex: S for Sulfer
- They are derived from the Latin name of a chemical element. Au for Aurum = Gold.
Where is the group number located? + What does the group number tell you?
located on the top going vertically on the periodic table signifies the number of valence electrons in an element.
Where is the period number located? + What does the period number tell you?
located on the left going horizontally on the periodic table signifies the number of shells an element has.
Where are metals located + What are their properties?
Metals are located on the left side of the periodic table & their properties are Solid except Mercury, Shiny Lustre, Ductile, and Malleable, and are good conductors of heat + electricity.
Where are semi-metals located + What are their properties?
Semi-metals are located along a diagonal line separating metals + non-metals & their properties are Solid, Lustre shiny or dull, May conduct electricity, poor conductors of heat, brittle and not ductile.
Where are non-metals located + What are their properties?
Non-metals are located on the right side of the periodic table & their properties are all states of matter, not shiny, poor conductors, brittle and not ductile.
What are some chemical families and their properties?
1) Noble Gases + odorless, colorless, nonflammable, & monotonic gases that have low chemical reactivity.
2) Halogens + have very different physical properties all different states but all very reactive.
3) Alkali Metals + high thermal and electrical conductivity, lustre, ductility, and malleability.
4) Alkaline Earth Metals + highly metallic and are good conductors of electricity.
How to find the number of protons in an atom?
Same as the atomic number or number of electrons.
How to find the number of electrons in an atom?
Same as the atomic number or number of protons.
How to find the number of neutrons in an atom?
You have to subtract the atomic number or number of protons/electrons from the atomic mass to find the number of neutrons. (Mass - Number = Neutrons)
How do you place electrons in the shell?
Two at the top then 1 at the bottom then 1 on the left then 1 on the right and repeat bottom, left, right.
What is a valence electron?
Its an electron located on the outermost shell.
How to compare atomic size between elements.
Atomic size increases going down and to the left on the periodic table because the farther down you go the more shells. The more left you go the fewer protons + electrons that will pull the valence electrons closer together.
How to compare chemical reactivity between elements?
Chemical reactivity is based on how close the element is to have a full valence shell. The closer it is to achieving stability the more reactive it is. Ex. Alkali Metals have 1 valence electron and are the most reactive. + If the elements have the same amount of valence electrons the one with more shells is more reactive because the valence electron pull is weaker and easier to have a full valence shell.
