Biology Sexual Reproduction Unit Test

Question 1

What is Embryonic Development?

Answer 1

Early development that occurs after fertilization!

Question 2

What is Differentiation?

Answer 2

The process in which the 3 cell layers eventually form the organs and tissues of a baby!

Question 3

What is a zygote?

Answer 3

A fertilized egg

Question 4

What are the 3 layers of the Gastrula?

Answer 4

Outer layer - Ectoderm,
Middle Layer - Mesoderm
Inner layer- Endoderm
(Hollow Center inside)

Question 5

What forms in the Ectoderm?

Answer 5

Skin and nervous system

Question 6

What forms in the mesoderm?

Answer 6

Kidneys, Skeleton, Blood Vessels and reproductive organs

Question 7

What forms in the Endoderm?

Answer 7

Lungs, liver, and lining of digestive system

Question 8

What happens during the first Trimester?

Answer 8

Organs begin to develop,
At 4 weeks the brain and spinal cord start forming
At 8 weeks Embryo is called a fetus and Bone cells form, ears, kidneys, lungs, liver, and muscles begin developing
At 12 weeks Sexual differentiation is almost complete

Question 9

What happens during the second trimester?

Answer 9

AT 16-18 weeks fetal movements are felt,
At 24 weeks eyelids open and the fetus can live outside of the mother

Question 10

What happens during the third trimester?

Answer 10

Significant growth of the brain
At 26-38 Weeks rapid weight gain and accumulation of fat occurs

Question 11

What happens during Embryonic development?

Answer 11

Week 1 Zygote undergoes mitosis and rapid cell divisions, forming a ball of cells
Week 2 Hollow ball of cells called Blastula
Week 3 Cells of blastula are organized into 3 layers (This stage is called Gastrula)

Question 12

What is a Morula?

Answer 12

A morula is a ball of cells that forms in the first week

Question 12

What is a Gastrula?

Answer 12

A gastrula is the stage of development where the blastula organizes into 3 layers

Question 13

What is a Blastula?

Answer 13

A blastula is a hollow ball of cells that forms in the first 2 weeks.

Question 14

What are 4 Advantages of Sexual Reproduction?

Answer 14

1. Very little energy required to find a mate (External Fertilization
2. Greater numbers of offspring can repopulate after a disaster
3. More protection is given to the embryo and more parental care is given (Internal)
4. Offspring are genetically different from the parent, so they may survive new diseases or other threats that appear in the population

Question 15

What are 3 Disadvantages of Sexual Reproduction?

Answer 15

1. More energy required to find mate (Internal)
2. Fewer offspring produced
3. Gametes, Embryos, and offspring are unprotected and are often preyed upon (External)

Question 16

What are the 3 stages of sexual reproduction?

Answer 16

Mating, Fertilization, Development

Question 17

What are 3 Characteristics of Sexual Reproduction?

Answer 17

2 Parents,
Genetically different offspring
Has 3 Stages (Mating, Fertilization, and Development)

Question 18

What is Mating?

Answer 18

The process where male and female gametes combine

Question 19

What is Fertilization?

Answer 19

Process where egg cell is penetrated by sperm cell

Question 20

What is the purpose of Meiosis?

Answer 20

The purpose of Meiosis is to produce sperm and egg cells with half the number of chromosomes of the parent cell

Question 21

What are the stages of Meiosis?

Answer 21

Prophase 1, Metaphase 1, anaphase 1, telophase 1, cytokinesis 1, prophase 2, metaphase 2, anaphase 2, telophase 2, cytokinesis 2

Question 22

When does crossing over occur?

Answer 22

Prophase 1

Question 23

What is the process of crossing over?

Answer 23

Crossing over is when homologous chromosomes pair up and exchange pieces of their DNA with each other.

Question 24

When does independent assortment occur?

Answer 24

During Metaphase 1

Question 25

What is Independent Assortment?

Answer 25

It’s the idea that homologous chromosome line up randomly in metaphase resulting in genetically diverse daughter cells

Question 26

How do mutations in Meiosis occur (Pieces of a Chromosome and Whole Chromosomes?)

Answer 26

1. Pieces of Chromosomes are: lost, duplicated, moved within a chromosome, moved to another chromosome, or inverted
2. Mutations involving a whole chromosome: homologous chromosomes don’t separate in meiosis 1 or sister chromatids don’t separate in meiosis 2

Question 27

What are some Advantages & Disadvantages of Internal Fertilization?

Answer 27

Advantages = 1) More offspring survive since protected by parent 2) fertilized egg is protected from dehydration

Disadvantages = 1) More energy is needed to find a mate 2) mating requires lots of energy 3) fewer zygotes are produced compared to external fertilization

Question 28

What are some Advantages & Disadvantages of External Fertilization?

Answer 28

Advantages = 1) little energy is needed to find a mate 2) large numbers of offspring can be produced 3) offspring don’t compete for food as they are spread out

Disadvantages = 1) gametes may not survive (weather, temp, predators) 2) few offspring survive to adulthood (no care from parents) 3) Water currents can carry away gametes

Question 29

What is a gamete?

Answer 29

It’s a reproductive cell (egg cell or sperm cell)

Question 30

What happens in Prophase

Question 31

What Happens in Interphase