lecture 3.3 - folds

Question 1

what is the principle of original horizontality

Answer 1

Beds were first horizontal then they were folded due to erosion

Question 2

what is the stress and strain for folded deformation

Answer 2

stress = compression
strain = plastic

Question 3

define “dip” and “dip direction”

Answer 3

dip = slope or inclination
dip direction = direction where water would flow

Question 4

define anticlines

Answer 4

dips of beds on opposite sides of axis point away from axial region (center)
- make a “n” shape

Question 5

define syncline

Answer 5

beds on opposite side of axial plane (center), dip toward axis
- makes “u” shape

Question 6

where is the oldest bed layer located on an anticline

Answer 6

center

Question 7

where is the youngest bed layer on an anticline

Answer 7

furthest from center

Question 8

where is the oldest bed layer on a syncline

Answer 8

furthest from center

Question 9

where is the youngest bed layer on a syncline

Answer 9

center

Question 10

basin vs. dome

Answer 10

basin
- center = youngest rock
- nested bowl shape

dome
- center = oldest rock
- upside down bowl shape

Question 11

plunging anticline vs. plunging syncline

Answer 11

anticline
- plunges toward closed side
- open side = oldest
syncline
- plunges toward open side
- open side = youngest

Question 12

Answer 12