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PARASIT MIDTERM > Subphylum Mastigophora > Flashcards

Subphylum Mastigophora Flashcards

1
Q

2 groups of flagellates

A

Intestinal flagellates
Atrial flagellates

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2
Q

What parasites are included in Intestinal Flagellates?

A

Gardia lamblia
Chilomastix mesnili
Dientamoeba fragilis

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3
Q

What parasite/s are included in Atrial Flagellates?

A

Trichomonas species

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4
Q

Flagellates reside mainly in the:

A

small intestines, cecum, colon, duodenum

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5
Q

Possess whip-like locomotory organelle called

A

Flagella

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6
Q

Mode of Reproduction of Flagellates

A

longitudinal binary fission

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7
Q

2 Habitat

A

Digestive tract & genital organs flagellates
Blood & Tissue Flagellates

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8
Q

What are the habitat included in Digestive tract & genital organs flagellates?

A

Enteromonas hominis
Embadomonaa instestinalis
Chilomastix mesnili
Giardia lamblia
Trichomonas hominis
Trichomonas tenax
Trichomonas vaginalis

(EECGTrich3)

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9
Q

What are the habitat that are included in blood & tissue flagellates?

A

Leishmania tropica
Leishmania braziliensis
Leishmania donovani
Trypanosoma rhodesiense
Trypanosoma gambiense
Trypanosoma cruzi

(L3Try3)

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10
Q

The only pathogenic intestinal flagellates found only in man

A

Giardia lamblia

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11
Q

Included in Giardia lamblia

A

Giardia duodenalis
Giardia intestinalis
Cercomonas intestinalis
Lamblia intestinalis
Giardia enterica
Megastoma enterica

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12
Q

Giardia lamblia’s Mode of Transmission

A

-Ingestion of cyst usually through contaminated water
-Oral-anal route

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13
Q

Main habitat of Giardia lamblia

A

Duodenal area of small intestine and gall bladder

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14
Q

What are the parasites in Lumen-dwelling flagellates?

A

Chilomastix mesnili
Dientamoeba fragilis
Enteromonas hominis
Giardia lamblia
Retortamonas intestinalis
Trichomonas hominis
Trichomonas tenax
Trichomonas vaginalis

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15
Q

What are the habitat in Lumen-dwelling flagellates?

A

Large intestine (cecum)
Large intestine (cecum & colon)
Large intestine (colon)
Duodenum & jejunum
Large intestine (colon)
Large intestine (cecum)
Mouth
Vagina & Urethra

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16
Q

What are the parasites in Hemoflagellates?

A

Leishmania species
Trypanosoma brucei
Trypanosoma cruzi

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17
Q

What are thr habitat in Hemoflagellates?

A

Reticuloendothelial cells
Connective tissue & Blood
Reticuloendothelial cells & blood

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18
Q

It is one of the earliest protozoan parasite to have been recorded

A

Giardia lamblia

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19
Q

He is the one who observed Giardia lamblia in his own stool.

A

Dutch scientist Antonie von Leeuwenhoek in 1681

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20
Q

He is the one who named it after as “Giardia”.

A

Professor Giard of Paris

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21
Q

He is the one who named it after as “Lamblia”.

A

Professor Lamble of Prague

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22
Q

Geographical Distribution

A

Cosmopolitan

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23
Q

Prevalence in Giardia lamblia

A

Approximately 1.6 to 22% in the Philippines

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24
Q

Reservoir of Giardia lamblia

A

Human
Beavers
Dogs
Cats
Sheep

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25
Q

Giardia lamblia mode of transmission

A

Ingestion of cysts in contaminated water and food
Direct person-to-person transmission:
•children
•male homosexuals
•mentally ill persons

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26
Q

(Arrange Life Cycle)
a. Reproduce by binary fission
b. Excystation occurs in the duodenum and become trophozoites
c. Encystation occurs in the large intestines with water reabsorption
d.Ingestion of viable cysts from continated food and water
e. Trophozoite inhabits the mucosa of duodenum and proximal jejunum (optimal pH: 6.4-7.0)

A

d,b,e,a,c

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27
Q

2 types or Pathogenic Mechanism

A

Cytoadherence
Antigenic Variation

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28
Q

It is lead to decreased electrolyte, glucose, and fluid absorption, and cause deficiencies in enzymes

A

Cytoadherence

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29
Q

Pathogenic stage of Cytoadherence

A

(Trophozoite)
•Physical barrier
•Mechanical Damage

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30
Q

The results in the entire surface of the parasite being covered with variant-specific surface proteins (VSSPs)

A

Antigenic Variation

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31
Q

In which help the parasite in envasion of host Immune system

A

Antigenic Variation

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32
Q

What are the Enhanced Susceptibility?

A

Blood group A
Achlorhydria
Use of cannabis
Chronic pancreatitis
Malnutrition
Immune defects

33
Q

2 Pathogenesis

A

Giardiasis
Gay Bowel Syndrome

34
Q

What are included in Giardiasis?

A

Malabsorption
Steatorrhea
Cramping
Diarrhea
Flatulence
Traveler’s Diarrhea

35
Q

Giardiasis or Flagellate diarrhea is also known as:

A

Traveller’s diarrhea

36
Q

What are the acute/mild Disease?

A

Diarrhea
Abdominal cramps
Anorexia
Flatulence
Steatorrhea
Malabsorption syndrome

37
Q

Incubation period of Giardia lamblia disease

A

1-4 weeks (acute)

38
Q

Self-limiting in the disease of Giardia lamblia

A

10-14days after onset

39
Q

2 Clinical Manifestations

A

Duodenal Involvement (Duodenitis)
Gall Bladder Involvement (Cholangitis)

40
Q

Irritation with excess secretion of mucus and dehydration

A

Duodenal Involvement (Duodenitis)

41
Q

Irritation or edema of the ampulla of Vater

A

Gall Bladder Involvement (Cholangitis)

42
Q

Giardia lamblia treatment-“Drug of choice”

A

Metronidazole

43
Q

It is Nonpathogenic and Harmless commensal

A

Chilomastix mesnili

44
Q

Synonym of Chilomastix mesnili

A

Shepherd’s crook
Chilomastix hominis

45
Q

Main habitat of Chilomastix mesnili

A

Cecal region of the large intestine

46
Q

Mode of transmission of Chilomastix mesnili

A

Ingestion of cyst

47
Q

Prevalence of C. mesnili in the Philippines is less than _____

A

1%

48
Q

It was previously considered as an AMOEBA

A

Dientamoeba fragilis

49
Q

Dientamoeba fragilis is now reclassified as an?

A

Amoeboflagellate

50
Q

The name Dientamoeba fragilis is derived from:

A

•Binucleated nature of trophozoite
•Fragmented appearance of its nuclear chromatin

51
Q

Where do we find the most common Intestinal protozoan parasite?

A

Canada

52
Q

Mode of transmission in Dientamoeba fragilis

A

Fecal-oral route
person-to-person route
concomitant with: pinworm, Enteroblus vernicularis, infxn

53
Q

It is found in the lumen of the large intestine

A

Trophozoites

54
Q

What are the 25% of Dientamoebiasis

A

Diarrhea
Abdominal pain

Other symptoms: loss of apetite, weight loss, nausea, fatigue

55
Q

Appearance of trophozoite:
Pear-shaped or oviod
No cytostome

A

Enteromonas hominis

56
Q

Motility of Trophozoite in Enteromonas hominis

A

Jerky motility

57
Q

Pear-shaped uninucleated

A

Cyst of Enteromonas hominis

58
Q

It has a trophozoite that the characteristic is cleft-like cytostome

A

Embadomonas intestinalis

59
Q

It has the same appearance of the cyst in Enteromonas fragilis

A

Embadomonas intestinalis

60
Q

It is Genus Trichomonas and Exist only as trophozoites ; No cystic stage

A

Atrial Flagellates

61
Q

Motility of Atrial Flagellates

A

Fast jerky tumbling movement

62
Q

Trichomonas vaginalis is first observed by?

A

Donne in 1836

63
Q

Prevalence if Trichomoniasis varies from ____ patients at hospitals to ____ in sexual workers

A

5% px, 75%

64
Q

Trichomonas vaginalis habitat in females

A

Vagina
cervix
Bartholin’s glands
urethra
urinary bladder

65
Q

Trichomonas vaginalis habitat in Males

A

Anterior urethra
prostate
preputial sac

66
Q

What are the other STDs in Trichomonas?

A

candidiasis
gonorrhea
syphilis
human immunodefficiency virus

67
Q

Incubation period or Trichomoniasis

A

4-4weeks

68
Q

Growth of Trichomoniasis

A

slightly alkaline or slightly acidic (pH 6.0 to 6.3)

69
Q

Possible complications in Trichomoniasis

A

Secondary bacterial infxn in the urogenital tract
Endometritis
Pyosalpingitis

70
Q

Reservoir of Trichomonas

A

Humans

71
Q

Prevalance of Trichomoniasis

A

Women: 5 to 20%
Men: 2 to 12%

72
Q

Trichomonas tenax is also known as

A

Trichomonas buccalis

73
Q

It is harmless comensal which lives mouth in the periodontal pockets, carius tooth cavities, and les often in tonsillar crypts

A

Trichomonas tenax

74
Q

Mode of Transmission in Trichomonas tenax

A

Kissing
Salivary droplets
Fomites

75
Q

It cannot be transplanted into the urogenital tract or the mouth

A

Pentatrichomonas hominis

76
Q

If ingested in a protective substance, these organisms can eurvive through the stomach and small intestine

A

ACHLORHYDRIA

77
Q

It has an habitat that Buccal cavity, Tartar of the teeth

A

Trypanosoma tenax

78
Q

These are non-pathogenic diseasea

A

T. tenax
T. hominis

79
Q

Habitat of T. hominis

A

cecum

PARASIT MIDTERM (7 decks)

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