exam 2 Flashcards
-affects approximately 1-7% of gen pop
-affects all ages equally
-comorbid with anxiety and mood dis.
illness anxiety disorder
types of dsm 5 dissociative disorders
-depersonalization/derealization
-amnesia
-trance disorder
-identity disorder
types of dsm 5 dissociative disorders
recurrent episodes where a person has sensations of unreality of their own body or surroundings, feelings dominate/interfere with life functions
depersonalization/derealization disorder
during episodes, person travels or wanders assuming a new identity in a different place. cannot remember how or why they’re there
dissociative amnesia
tendency to interpret life events negatively
cognitive errors
lack of perceived control over life events lead to decreased attempt to improve own situation
learned helplessness theory
low serotonergic function accounts for both manic and depressive states through defective dampening of other neurotransmitters (norepinephrine and dopamine)
permissive hypothesis
elevated cortisol and hippocampal volume
stress hypothesis
gross deviation in moods
mood disorders
periods of depressed or elevated mood lasting days or weeks include…
major depressive episodes, manic episodes, hypomanic episodes
at least 5 symptoms, lasting more than 1 week with disturbed mood and increased energy, inflated self-esteem and decreased sleep need, more talking and racing thoughts
manic episodes
5 or more symptoms in same 2 week period, depressed mood or lost of interest/pleasure, weight loss/gain, worthlessness feeling, indecisive
major depressive episodes
shorter, less severe version of manic, lasts at least 4 days, fever/mild symptoms, less impairment than manic (less risky behavior)
hypomanic episodes
disorders mixed together with features of another for example: depressive episode with manic features
mixed features
alterations between major depressive and manic episodes
bipolar 1
alterations between major depressive and hypomanic episodes
bipolar 2
alterations between less sever depressive and hypomanic episodes
cyclothymic disorder
world lifetime prevalence 16%
6% experience major depression in last year
females twice as likely
occurs less in prepubertal children
adults over 65 have 50% less prevalence
prevalence of mood disorder
neurotransmitter system
serotonin and relation to transmitters
serotonin regulates norepinephrine and dopamine
related to low serotonin levels
endocrine system
stress hypothesis
hippocampal volume
neurological causes of mood disorder
learned helplessness theory of depression
negative cognitive styles are at risk for depression
depressed people engage in cognitive errors
depressive attributional style
psychological causes of mood disorder
teaches patient to identify thinking error, dispute them, generate more accurate ways of thinking, generate practical solutions
Aaron becks cognitive therapy
increase contact with reinforcing events
behavioral activation
addresses problematic relationship functioning associated with depression
interpersonal psychotherapy
in family
low serotonin
preexisting psych disorder
alcohol abuse
stressful life events, humiliation
past behavior
planning and access to methods
suicide risk factors
altruistic, egoistic, anomic, fatalistic
suicide types
individual, “I bring dishonor to my family”
altruistic suicide
loss of social support
egoistic suicide
results of marked disruption, sudden loss of good job
anomic suicide