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peds > ch 6 communicable diseases > Flashcards

ch 6 communicable diseases Flashcards

1
Q

standard precaution measures

A

-barrier protection from blood and bodily fluids
-resp hygiene/cough etiquette
-safe injection practices
-hand hygiene

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2
Q

transmission based precautions

A

AIRBORNE:
-neg pressure isolation room
-N95

DROPLET:
-mask, goggles

CONTACT:
-gloves, gown, mask

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3
Q

examples airborne illnesses

A

-measles
-varicella (chickenpox)
-TB

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4
Q

examples droplet illnesses

A

-flu
-meningitis
-pneumonia
-diptheria
-pertussis
-mumps
-rubella
-epiglottitis

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5
Q

examples contact illnesses

A

-ebola
-HSV
-zoster
-skin infections: staph, impetigo, conjuctivitis, shingles
-viral illnesses (flu, covid)

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6
Q

what vaccine should be given at birth

A

hep b

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7
Q

what vaccines should be given at 2 months, 4 months, and 6 months old

A

-hep b (if not given at birth should be given at 2 months)
-tdap
-flu
-IPV (polio)
-PCV13 (pneumonia)
-RV (rotavirus)

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8
Q

when should second dose hep b vaccine be given

A

9 months old

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9
Q

what vaccines are given at 12 months old

A

-MMR
-varicella

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10
Q

what vaccines are given at 15 months old

A

-DTap
-hib (flu)
-PCV13 (pneumonia)

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11
Q

what vaccines are given at 4 years old

A

-DTaP
-IPV
-MMR
-varicella

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12
Q

what vaccine should be given at 11 years old

A

Tdap

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13
Q

communicable diseases

A

-chicken pox
-rubella
-mumps
-rubeola
-pertussis
-whooping cough
-scarlet fever
-polio
-fifth disease
-roseola

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14
Q

transmission and precautions for varicella

A

transmission: direct contact and resp secretions
precautions: airborne (and contact)

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15
Q

S+S varicella

A

-prodromal stage: slight fever, malaise
-pruritic rash
-vesicle eruption
-rash starts on chest then goes to extremities and face

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16
Q

Tx varicella

A

MEDS:
-antiviral acyclovir (zovirax)
-varicella-zoster immune globulin (variZIG)
-immune globulin IV for high risk exposure

OTHER:
-benadryl/antihistamine
-skin care to prevent secondary infections
-calamine lotion
-oatmeal bath
-keep child cool
-avoid aspirin

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17
Q

incubation of varicella
how long is child contagious

A

contagious 1 day before rash appears
contagious until vesicles are crusted

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18
Q

complications of varicella

A

-secondary infection
-encephalitis
-pneumonia
-thrombocytopenia (transient or chronic)

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19
Q

S+S fifth disease: 3 stages (erythema infectiosum)

A

STAGE 1:
-mild: fever, malaise, headache
-MOST INFECTIOUS NOW

STAGE 2:
-“slapped cheek” rash
-rash on trunk spreads to extremities except palms and soles
-circumoral pallor

STAGE 3:
-rash slowly disappears

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20
Q

infectious agent of fifth disease

A

human parvovirus b19

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21
Q

transmission fifth disease

A

droplets

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22
Q

nursing management and Tx fifth disease

A

-supportive care (antipyretics, analgesics)
-droplet precautions
-oatmeal bath
-anti-pruritics to relieve itching
-rest and fluids
-avoid exposure to direct sunlight
-avoid exposure to pregnant women

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23
Q

consequences in pregnant women when exposed to fifth disease

A

-fetal hydrops
-anemia
-spontaneous abortion

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24
Q

infectious agent roseola

A

herpes virus type 6 or 7

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25
Q

transmission roseola

A

contact with saliva/resp secretions

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26
Q

when is fifth disease most contagious

A

before rash appears
stage 1

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27
Q

S+S roseola

A

-sudden persistent high fever (3-7 days)
-normal appetite and behavior
-rash appears after fever resolves
-febrile seizures common
-encephalopathy/encephalitis may occur

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28
Q

precautions for roseola

A

standard

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29
Q

nursing management and Tx roseola

A

-antipyretics (NO ASPIRIN)
-monitor for seizures
-encourage fluids
-standard precautions, supportive care

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30
Q

infectious agent mumps

A

paramyxovirus

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31
Q

incubation period length of mumps

A

14-21 days

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32
Q

how long is kid with mumps infectious for

A

1-2 days before parotid swelling
9 days after swelling goes away

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33
Q

transmission of mumps

A

resp secretions

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34
Q

S+S mumps

A

-acute onset
-fever
-malaise
-classic sign: swelling 1+ salivary gland
-earache
-headache
-pain with chewing
-decreased appetite and activity

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35
Q

nursing management and Tx mumps

A

-antipyretics (no aspirin)
-soft foods to help with chewing pain
-droplet precautions
-avoid exposure to immunocompromised people
-encourage fluid intake

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36
Q

transmission precaution for mumps

A

droplet

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37
Q

infectious agent rubeola (measles)

A

morbillivirus

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38
Q

transmission rubeola (measles)

A

resp droplets and airborne

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39
Q

incubation time of rubeola

A

10-20 days

40
Q

how long is kid with rubeola (measles) infectious for

A

-4 days before rash appears
-5 days after rash appears

41
Q

S+S rubeola (measles): 3 stages

A

PRODROMAL/STAGE 1:
-nonspecific fever
-anorexia
-malaise

STAGE 2:
-conjuctivitis
-cough
-koplik spots

STAGE 3:
-dark/red or purple blotchy rash starts and face and spreads to trunk and extremities
-mildly itchy

42
Q

what are koplik spots

A

blue gray spots on oral mucosa
associated with rubeola

43
Q

nursing management and Tx rubeola

A

(vaccine preventable)
-cool mist vaporizer
-suction gently prn
-antipyretics
-antitussives
-cool liquids and soft/pureed foods
-vit a recommended
-bed rest

44
Q

transmission precaution for rubeola

A

airborne

45
Q

for what people does rubeola have an increased risk of death

A

-immunocompromised
-children <5 yo

46
Q

how long is pt with rubella contagious
how long is infant with congenital rubella contagious

A

-7 days before rash
-5 days after rash appears
*infant with congenital rubella can shed virus until 1 yo

47
Q

incubation time rubella

A

14-21 days

48
Q

S+S rubella

A

PRODROMAL:
-usually absent in kids
-if present: low grade fever, headache, malaise, mild conjuctivitis, lymphadenopathy

pink rash starts on face and spreads to rest of body within 24 hours

49
Q

nursing management and Tx rubella

A

-antipyretics
-analgesics
-encourage fluids and food

50
Q

transmission precaution for rubella

A

droplet

51
Q

what could rubella cause in developing. fetus in 1st trimester

A

-fetal death
-congenital abnormalities

52
Q

how long is pertussis contagious for

A

-most contagious during catarrhal stage
-5 days after Abx started

53
Q

S+S pertussis: 3 stages

A

CATARRHAL STAGE:
-congestion, runny nose
-low grade fever
-non productive cough

PAROXYSMAL STAGE:
-cough more severe at night with cough spasms
-stridor “whooping”

CONVALESCENT STAGE:
-cough gradually increases

54
Q

nursing management and Tx pertussis

A

MEDS:
-macrolide Abx: erythromycin, azithromycin, trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole, Bactrim DS)
-antitussives (older children and adults only)
-antipyretics

OTHER:
-suction prn
-cool mist vaporizer
-rest
-fluids

55
Q

transmission precaution for pertussis

A

droplet

56
Q

transmission of polio

A

fecal-oral
resp

57
Q

how long is kid with polio contagious for

A

excreted in feces for 4-6 weeks

58
Q

S+S polio

A

-**mostly asymptomatic
-nonspecific symptoms: low grade fever, sore throat
-residual paralysis

59
Q

Tx polio

A

-complete bed rest
-supportive care

60
Q

infectious agent of scarlet fever

A

group a B-hemolytic strep

61
Q

transmission precaution scarlet fever

A

droplet

62
Q

how long is kid with scarlet fever contagious for

A

until 24 hours after start of Abx

63
Q

S+S scarlet fever

A

PRODROMAL STAGE:
-abrupt high fever, chills, malaise
-increased HR
-vomiting
-headache
-abdominal pain
-halitosis (bad breath from bacteria)

-tonsils enlarged, “beefy red”
-sandpaper rash over trunk and extremities
-cervical lymphadenopathy
-strawberry tongue
-circumoral pallor

64
Q

nursing management and Tx scarlet fever

A

MEDS:
-penicillin
-analgesics for throat

OTHER:
-rest
-prevention, throw away toothbrush

65
Q

types conjunctivitis

A

-bacterial “pink eye”
-viral
-allergic
-foreign body

66
Q

S+S bacterial conjunctivitis

A

-purulent drainage
-crusting eyelids
-inflamed conjunctiva
-swollen eyelids

67
Q

S+S viral conjunctivitis

A

-usually with upper resp infection
-watery drainage
-inflamed conjunctiva
-swollen eyeleids

68
Q

S+S allergic conjunctivitis

A

-itching
-watery to thick, stringy discharge
-inflamed conjunctiva
-swollen eyelids

69
Q

S+S conjunctivitis caused by foreign body

A

-tearing
-pain
-inflamed conjunctiva
-usually only one eye infected

70
Q

nursing management and Tx conjunctivitis

A

MEDS:
-for bacterial: topical drops or ointment, polymyxin, bacitracin

OTHER:
-wipe inner to outer eye
-warm moist compress
-no rubbing eyes
-wash hands well

71
Q

2 types stomatitis

A

-aphthous stomatitis (canker sore)
-herpetic gingivostomatitis

72
Q

infectious agent stomatitis

A

HSV 1

73
Q

meds stomatitis

A

-NSAIDs
-topical anesthetic: orabase, anbesol, kank-a lidocaine
-diphenhydramine and maalox mixture (protective coating of lesions)
-sucralfate
-antivirals in severe cases: acyclovir

74
Q

how do you diagnose pinworms

A

tape test

75
Q

S+S pinworms

A

-itching
-irritability
-restlessness
-poor sleep
-bedwetting

76
Q

Tx pinworms

A

-med: pin-rid
-wash all linens
-vacuum

77
Q

Tx giardiasis

A

-metronidazole (flagyl)
-tinidazole (tindamax)
-nitazoxanide (alinia)

78
Q

how is giardiasis transmitted

A

contaminated water (lakes, streams, swimming/wading water)

79
Q

S+S giardiasis in children infants and young children (<5 yo)

A

-D/V
-anorexia
-failure to thrive (if chronic exposure)

80
Q

S+S giardiasis in children >5 yo

A

-abdominal cramps
-intermittent diarrhea
-constipation
-stools that are malodorous, watery, pale, greasy
-spontaneous resolution within 4-6 wks

81
Q

S+S giardiasis (rare form)

A

-intermittent foul smelling diarrhea
-abdominal bloating and flatulence
-sulfur tasting belches
-epigastric pain
-vomiting
-headache
-weight loss

82
Q

2 kinds viral skin infections

A

-verruca (warts)
-molluscum

83
Q

Tx verruca (warts)

A

-usually appear on exposed areas
-localized destructive therapy/surgery

84
Q

S+S molluscum

A

-fleshy colored papules
-small raised lesion with dimple in center
-asymptomatic
-resolve spontaneously within 18 months

85
Q

2 types fungal skin infections

A

-ringworm (dermatophytoses)
-tinea capitis (head) or tinea corporis (body)

86
Q

Tx fungal skin infections

A

-topical tx
-for head: griseofulvin

87
Q

Tx scabies

A

-scabicide (elimite)
-spread through prolonged personal contact (treat family too)

88
Q

Tx head lice

A

-pediculides
-manual removal
-preferred OTC Tx: Nix
-wash everything
-treat family

89
Q

S+S bedbugs

A

-intense itching
-inflammation /rash
-may progress to folliculitis/cellulitis
-may trigger asthma exacerbation, anaphylaxis

90
Q

Tx bedbugs

A

-professional extermination
-topical application steroids
-washing linens and clothing

91
Q

S+S lyme disease: 3 stages

A

STAGE 1
-bulls eye rash
-fever
-headache
-malaise

STAGE 2
-rash on hands and feet
-fever
-fatigue
-lymphadenopathy
-cough

STAGE 3
-systemic involvement

92
Q

Tx lyme disease
<8 yrs old
>8 yrs old

A

<8 yrs: amoxycillin
>8 yrs: doxycycline

93
Q

transmission precaution impetigo

A

droplet

94
Q

S+S impetigo

A

-honey colored crusted lesions

95
Q

when/where does impetigo occur more frequently

A

-poor hygiene
-summer months
-warm humid climates
-lower socioeconomic groups

96
Q

S+S cat scratch disease

A

-painless non-itchy red bumps
-regional lymphadenitis

97
Q

Tx cat scratch disease

A

supportive
maybe azithromycin

peds (28 decks)

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