3140 MIDTERM

Question 1

What does specifying a function as “inline” do?

Answer 1

The function will (probably) be expanded in the line that it is called

Question 2

Why use inline?

Answer 2

It lowers the runtime overhead of calling a function

Question 3

Will a function specified as inline always be evaluated inline?

Answer 3

No, the compiler may choose not to

Question 4

What restrictions are imposed on constexpr functions?

Answer 4

1. Return type and parameter types must be a literal type
2. It must only have one return statement

Question 5

What does the compiler do with constexpr?

Answer 5

Replace the function with the value if able

Question 6

Where should inline and constexpr functions be defined?

Answer 6

Header files

Question 7

What are the 2 steps the compiler takes with classes?

Answer 7

1. Declarations
2. Function bodies

Question 8

Do constructors have a return type?

Answer 8

No

Question 9

Can constructors be declares as const?

Answer 9

No

Question 10

Can constructors write to const objects?

Answer 10

Yes, during construction

Question 11

What is a default constructor called in C++?

Answer 11

Synthesized Default Constructor

Question 12

What was the first programming paradigm?

Answer 12

Imperative Programming

Question 13

What are records in OOP?

Answer 13

Structures used to group related data together

Question 14

What was the first OO language?

Answer 14

Simula

Question 15

What are the three pillars of OOP?

Answer 15

1. Encapsulation (Abstraction)
2. Inheritance
3. Polymorphism

Question 16

What are the two parts of encapsulation?

Answer 16

1. Abstraction
2. Data Hiding

Question 17

What are the 4 access specifiers?

Answer 17

1. Public
2. Private
3. Protected
4. Friend

Question 18

What is RAII?

Answer 18

Resource Allocation Is Initialization

Question 19

What is the best practice for initializing an instance of a class?

Answer 19

Name n{ };

Question 20

What can a constructor with only one parameter be used for?

Answer 20

Type Conversion

Question 21

What is constructor delegation?

Answer 21

When one constructor calls another constructor

Question 22

What are synthesized methods?

Answer 22

Implicitly defined functions in classes under certain circumstances

Question 23

What are the 6 synthesized methods?

Answer 23

1. Default constructor
2. Destructor
3. Copy constructor
4. Move constructor
5. Copy assignment operator
6. Move assignment operator

Question 24

When are variables destroyed?

Answer 24

When they go out of scope

Question 25

What happens to elements in a container if the container is destroyed?

Answer 25

The elements are destroyed as well

Question 26

How are dynamically allocated objects destroyed?

Answer 26

When the delete operator is applied to a pointer to the object

Question 27

When are temporary objects destroyed?

Answer 27

At the end of the full expression that created it (the semi-colon ‘;’)

Question 28

What is a sequence point?

Answer 28

The semi-colon at the end of an expression

Question 29

What is the format of a copy constructor?

Answer 29

ClassName (const ClassName&);

Question 30

What happens with a copy constructor if the member variable is a pointer?

Answer 30

Only the address stored is copied

Question 31

What is it called when a pointers address is copied instead of what it points to?

Answer 31

A shallow copy

Question 32

What is the format of a copy assignment?

Answer 32

ClassName& operator = (const ClassName&);

Question 33

What is the rule of 3/5?

Answer 33

If an object needs a constructor, it likely needs a copy constructor and copy assignment operator

Question 34

What is a move constructor?

Answer 34

Moves an object on construction if the source of the value is an unnamed object.

Question 35

What is the format for a move constructor?

Answer 35

ClassName(ClassName&&)

Question 36

When is the move constructor not synthesized?

Answer 36

If a copy constructor has been written

Question 37

What is the format of a move assignment?

Answer 37

ClassName& operator = (ClassName&&);

Question 38

What do smart pointers do?

Answer 38

Ensure that the objects to which they point are automatically freed

Question 39

What are the two types of smart pointers?

Answer 39

1. shared_ptr
2. unique_ptr

Question 40

What is the format for a shared_ptr?

Answer 40

shared_ptr<data_type> p;</data_type>

Question 41

What is make_shared()?

Answer 41

A function that creates an object with dynamic memory then returns a smart pointer

Question 42

How do shared pointers know to free the object?

Answer 42

Reference count goes to zero

Question 43

What doe the operator “new” return?

Answer 43

A pointer

Question 44

How does delete work?

Answer 44

Must pass a pointer to a dynamically allocated object, then it calls the destructor

Question 45

What is a dangling pointer?

Answer 45

When you delete the underlying object a pointer is pointing to but the pointer still represents that memory space

Question 46

What is wrong with:
shared_ptr<int> p1 = new int (42);</int>

Answer 46

Shared pointers must be direct initialized

Question 47

How do you test if there are other shared pointers to the same object?

Answer 47

unique()

Question 48

What can a default destructor not delete?

Answer 48

A pointer