White Cells

Question 1

Granulocytes

Answer 1

Basophils neutrophils eisonophils
Have granules present in cytoplasm needed for microbicidal function

Question 2

Neutrophil nucleus

Answer 2

Segmented

Question 3

Neutrophil main function and mechanism

Answer 3

Defence against ingection through phagocytosis

Question 4

Neutrophil life cycle

Answer 4

In circulation for 7-10hrs before becoming marginated in the vessel lumen, adhere to the endothelium and migrate into tissues
Phagocytosis then occurs following cytokine priming

Question 5

Specialisation pathway of granulocytes

Answer 5

HSC - common myeloid progenitor-myeloblast-granulocyte

Question 6

Eosinophil time in circulation

Answer 6

<7hrs(neutrophil)

Question 7

Eosinophil which infection?

Answer 7

Defends against parasitic infection

Question 8

Eosinophil main function

Answer 8

Regulation of Type 1 (immediate) hypersensitivity reactions

Question 9

Eosinophil mechanism

Answer 9

inactivate the histamine and leukotrienes released by basophils and mast cells

Question 10

Basophil granules contain stores of

Answer 10

Histamine, heparin & proteolytic enzymes

Question 11

Basophil function

Answer 11

Immune and inflammatory response

Question 12

Basophil immune response

Answer 12

Mediation of immediate type hypersensitivity reaction where Ig-E coated basophils release histamines and leukotrienes

Question 13

Basophil inflammatory response

Answer 13

Mediation through release of heparin and proteases

Question 14

Mast cells vs basophils

Answer 14

Similar but mast cells reside in tissue rather than circulation

Question 15

Specialisation pathway of monocytes

Answer 15

HSC - common myeloid progenitor-myeloblast-monocyte

Question 16

Monocytes time in circulation

Answer 16

Several days

Question 17

Monocytes function

Answer 17

phagocytosis of micro-organisms covered with antibody and complement
phagocytosis of bacteria/fungi (cf antibody)
antigen presentation to lymphoid and other immune cells

Question 18

Monocytes enter tissues then…

Answer 18

Develop into macrophages and other specialised cells which have a scavenging and phagocytosis function

Question 19

T/B/Nat.Killer(NK) specialisation pathway

Answer 19

HSC-common lymphoid progenitor-T/B/NK CELL

Question 20

B cell development process

Answer 20

Immunoglobulin (Ig)light and heavy chain gene rearrangement leading to surface Igs against many different antigens (humoral immunity)
Maturation requires exposure to antigens in lymphoid tissue E.g. lymph nodes
Results in recognition of non-self antigens by mature B cells and production of specific Igs & antibodies (+be and-be selection)

Question 21

What immunity are T cells involved in

Answer 21

Cell mediated immunity

Question 22

What immunity are NK cells involved in

Answer 22

Innate immunity - can kill tumour and virus infected cells

Question 23

Leukocytosis

Answer 23

Too many white cells

Question 24

Differential wbc count (%’s)

Answer 24

Neutrophil - 60/70
Lymphocytes-20/25
Monocytes-3/8
Eosinophils-2/4
Basophils-<1

Question 25

Leukopenia

Answer 25

Reduction in total number of white cells

Question 26

Transient leukocytosis suggest

Answer 26

Secondary cause - occurs when a normal bone marrow responds to external stimulus e.g. infection, inflammation or infarction

Question 27

Persistent leukocytosis

Answer 27

Primary flood cell disorder due to acquired somatic DNA damage affecting a haemopoietic precursor cell giving rise to blood cancers