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Anatomy > Heart > Flashcards

Heart Flashcards

1
Q

What are the main components of the cardiovascular system

A

Heart is the pump blood is the fluid blood vessels are the tubes

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2
Q

Main function of CV system

A

Deliver oxygen and nutrients to cells and tissues
removes CO2 and other waste from cells and tissue
transport hormones and other substances

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3
Q

Red is

A

High in oxygen low in CO2

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4
Q

Blue is

A

Low and O2 high and CO2

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5
Q

Heart

A

Pumps blood
size of fist
Mediastinum, posterior to sternum

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6
Q

Contents of the mediastinum

A

Heart in Pericardial cavity
Great vessels
Esophagus
trachea

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7
Q

Apex

A

Inferior tip of heart rests on top of diaphragm usually deep to L nipple
Heart sits obliquely Apex point towards left lower chest

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8
Q

Base

A

Superior border of heart

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9
Q

Great vessels

A

Large vessels enter or exit heart
SVC, IVC, pulmonary trunk/pulmonary arteries, pulmonary veins, aorta

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10
Q

Arteries

A

Blood vessels carry blood away from heart
aorta is the largest artery in the body

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11
Q

Veins

A

Blood vessels carry blood to heart
vena cava are the largest veins in the body

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12
Q

Pericardium

A

Sack that encloses heart

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13
Q

Fibrous pericardium

A

Tough outer layer of connective tissue that fuses to the roots of the great vessels at the base of the heart and diaphragm inferiorly

Help hold heart in place and prevent overfilling with blood

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14
Q

Parietal pericardium

A

Middle layer of serosa

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15
Q

Serosa membrane

A

Bi layered membrane that secrete serious fluid

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16
Q

Visceral pericardium

A

Inner layer fuses to the outer wall of the heart and is often considered to be part of the heart wall

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17
Q

Pericardial space/cavity

A

Between parietal and visceral pericardium

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18
Q

Pericardial fluid

A

Serious fluid made of parietal pericardium
within pericardial space
lubricates heart as it contracts

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19
Q

Epicardium

A

Outer layer
visceral pericardium
simple squamous epithelium

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20
Q

Myocardium

A

Middle layer
cardiac muscle
thickest layer of the heart wall thickness depends on work load of each chamber

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21
Q

Cardiac muscle

A

Involuntary striated muscle capable of generating Electrical impulses
Under involuntary control

22
Q

Endocardium

A

Innermost layer simple squamous Epithelium

23
Q

 cardiocgtes a.k.a. cardiomyocytes

A

Heart muscle cell
one central nucleus and multiple nuclei
The arrangement of thick and thin filaments are due to striations
Short thick and branched serves other to from networks

24
Q

Intercalated disc

A

Connections between cardiocytes

25
Q

Gap junctions

A

Pores within Intercalated disc that allow ions to flow from one cell to another

26
Q

What is the function of Intercalated discs and gap junctions

A

Synchronizes electrical activity and contraction between cells

27
Q

Desmosomes
Macula adherents

A

Small structures in intercalated discs that hold cardio sides together
cell to cell adhesion

28
Q

Desmosomes find the individual cardio sites together otherwise the force of every heartbeat could pull apart the cardio sites causing them to lose their connection to one another one reason that cardio sites are so effective at their job is that they are physically touching each other and share

A

Gap junctions and intercalated disc

29
Q

Atria

A

Right atrium, left atrium
Inter-atrial septum– Wall between atria
Coronary sulcus- Horizontal groove visible on hard surfaces between atria and ventricles

Collect blood

30
Q

Ventricles

A

Right ventricle, left ventricle
Interventricular septum – wall between ventricles
Interventricular sulcus Dash vertical groove visible on surface that overlies the interventricular septum

Pumps blood

31
Q

Valves

A

Flap of tissue between chambers in arteries

32
Q

Atrioventricular valve

A

Tricuspid valve – right AV valve
Bicuspid valve- mitral valve

Between atria and ventricles

33
Q

Semi lunar valves

A

Pulmonary/pulmonic valve Dash between RV and pulmonary trunk
Aortic valve dash between LV an aorta

Between ventricles and great arteries

34
Q

Functions of valves

A

Open to allow blood flow
Close to prevent backflow or regulations

35
Q

Valves are one way in general valves ensure that blood flows from

A

Right to left atria to ventricle ventricle to great arteries

36
Q

LUb dub

A

Caused by closure of valves

37
Q

LUb

A

Closure of AV valves

38
Q

Dub

A

Closure of semi lunar valves

39
Q

Superior vena cava drains

A

Deoxygenated blood from head and upper extremities

40
Q

Inferior vena cava drains

A

Deoxygenated blood from torso and lower extremities

41
Q

Coronary sinus drains

A

Deoxygenated blood from myocardium

42
Q

What exit through the tricuspid valve

A

SVC, IVC, coronary sinus

43
Q

 Blood enters the right ventricle through the tricuspid valve and exit through

A

Pulmonic valve into pulmonary trunk function pump blood into lungs

44
Q

Blood enters through pulmonary arteries and Deliver to lungs what are the functions

A

Receives deoxygenated blood from right heart, perform gas exchange, sends oxygenated blood to left heart

45
Q

Where does the blood from the lungs exit

A

Through pulmonary veins

46
Q

Right and left pulmonary veins enter left atrium and exits through and what is the function

A

Miral and bicuspid valve
Collect freshly oxygenated blood from the lungs

47
Q

Blood from the left ventricle enters through bicuspid and mitral valve An exit through

A

Aortic valve

48
Q

Trabeculae Carneae

A

Internal ridges textures surfaces that prevent Ventricles walls from cleaning together during contraction allows for ventricles to expand more easily to fill with blood

49
Q

Chordae tendinae

A

Strands of connective tissue that attaches flaps Of AV valves to papillary muscle

50
Q

Papillary muscle

A

Small extensions of myocardium that anchors coordinate chordae tendinae to ventricles

51
Q

What are the functions of chordae tendinae and Papillary muscles

A

Reinforces AV valves and prevents them from blowing out when close

Anatomy (19 decks)

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